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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Elementary quantum-network links and nodes

Axel Kuhn, Markus Hennrich, M. Hijlkema, P. Krok, Thomas Legero, S. Nußmann, Felix Rohde, B. Weber, Tatjana Wilk, Gerhard Rempe

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The paper reports on the experimental demonstration of elementary quantum-network links and nodes with narrowband and transform-limited single-photon pulses that cannot be distinguished from one another. The photon source is realized in form of a strongly coupled atom-cavity system and it employs a controlled energy exchange between the atom and the quantized light field of the cavity. This is accomplished by laser pulses adiabatically driving one branch of a Raman transition in a /spl Lambda/-type three-level atom, which is located in a high-finesse optical cavity resonant with the other branch of the transition. The transition goes hand-in-hand with a change of the photon number in the cavity.

DOI
10.1109/eqec.2003.1314246

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The paper reports on the experimental demonstration of elementary quantum-network links and nodes with narrowband and transform-limited single-photon pulses that cannot be distinguished from one another. The photon source is realized in form of a strongly coupled atom-cavity system and it employs a controlled energy exchange between the atom and the quantized light field of the cavity. This is accomplished by laser pulses adiabatically driving one branch of a Raman transition in a /spl Lambda/-type three-level atom, which is located in a high-finesse optical cavity resonant with the other branch of the transition. The transition goes hand-in-hand with a change of the photon number in the cavity.
A sequence of single photons is emitted on demand from a single three-level atom strongly coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity. The photons are generated by an adiabatically driven stimulated Raman transition between two atomic ground states, with the vacuum field of the cavity stimulating one branch of the transition, and laser pulses deterministically driving the other branch. This process is unitary and therefore intrinsically reversible, which is essential for quantum communication and networking, and the photons should be appropriate for all-optical quantum information processing.
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Quantum physics allows a new approach to information processing. A grand challenge is the realization of a quantum network for long-distance quantum communication and large-scale quantum simulation. This paper highlights a first implementation of an elementary quantum network with two fibre-linked high-finesse optical resonators, each containing a single quasi-permanently trapped atom as a stationary quantum node. Reversible quantum state transfer between the two atoms and entanglement of the two atoms are achieved by the controlled exchange of a time-symmetric single photon. This approach to quantum networking is efficient and offers a clear perspective for scalability. It allows for arbitrary topologies and features controlled connectivity as well as, in principle, infinite-range interactions. Our system constitutes the largest man-made material quantum system to date and is an ideal test bed for fundamental investigations, e.g. quantum non-locality.
We show how to capture a single photon of arbitrary temporal shape with one atom coupled to an optical cavity. Our model applies to Raman transitions in three-level atoms with one branch of the transition controlled by a (classical) laser pulse, and the other coupled to the cavity. Photons impinging on the cavity normally exhibit partial reflection, transmission, and/or absorption by the atom. Only a control pulse of suitable temporal shape ensures impedance matching throughout the pulse, which is necessary for complete state mapping from photon to atom. For most possible photon shapes, we derive an unambiguous analytic expression for the shape of this control pulse, and we discuss how this relates to a quantum memory.
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