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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Phase diagram of the Ising model on the square lattice with crossed diagonal bonds

A. Nihat Berker, Kenneth Hui

Published Nov 1, 1993• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The global phase diagram of the spin-1/2 Ising model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions on the square lattice is considered, including the fully anisotropic cases. A closed-form expression is given that accurately represents the phase boundaries when the crossed next-nearest-neighbor interactions are not of opposite signs. The phase diagram includes disordered, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, axially single-striped, and diagonally double-striped phases.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.48.12393

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The global phase diagram of the spin-1/2 Ising model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions on the square lattice is considered, including the fully anisotropic cases. A closed-form expression is given that accurately represents the phase boundaries when the crossed next-nearest-neighbor interactions are not of opposite signs. The phase diagram includes disordered, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, axially single-striped, and diagonally double-striped phases.
An analytical expression for the boundary free energy of the Ising square lattice with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions is derived. The Ising square lattice with anisotropic nearest-neighbor ( J x and J y ) and isotropic next-nearest-neighbor ( J d ) interactions has an order-disorder phase transition at a temperature T = T c given by the condition e −2 J x / k b T c + e − 2 J y / k b T c + e −2( J x + J y )/ k b T c (2 − e −4 J d / k b T c ) = e 4 J d / k b T c . The critical line that separates the ordered (ferromagnetic) phase from the disordered (paramagnetic) phase is in excellent agreement with series expansion, finite scaling of transfer matrix and Monte Carlo results. For a vanishing next-nearest-neighbor interaction Onsager's famous result, i.e. sinh (2 J x / k b T c )sinh (2 J y / k b T c ) = 1, is recaptured.
The phase diagrams of the ferromagnetic two-dimensional mixed spin-1 and spin-1/2 Ising model with four-spin interaction J4 and next-nearest couplings J’ are investigated by the use of the finite cluster approximation based on single-site cluster theory. The state equations are derived for the two-dimensional square lattice. The phase diagram is qualitatively and quantitatively different from that obtained when the interaction J’ is ignored. In fact, the system exhibits a variety of interesting features resulting from the introduction of the next-nearest neighbor interaction (NNN). It undergoes two kinds of behavior according to the negative and the positive value of J’. In particular, for J4/J2=-4, the system keeps the coexistence of the two ground state up to J’-dependent finite temperature.
A class of decorated spin 1/2 Ising models is introduced: all bonds of a hypercubic lattice parallel to one axis are decorated by n spins. Within each decorated bond, nearest neighbor ferromagnetic interactions compete with next-nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions. An exact dedecoration transformation reduces the model to an anisotropic Ising model which is exactly soluble in two dimensions (d = 2) and for which accurate series expansion estimates are available for d = 3. Phase diagrams are presented for d = 2 and 3 : all exhibit a multiphase point at which many distinct, spatially modulated commensurate phases coexist. The variation of the characteristic wavevector and other properties are compared and contrasted with those of the axial next-nearest neighbor Ising (ANNNI) models.
Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the location and nature of phase boundaries for Ising square lattices with antiferromagnetic coupling JNN{J}_{\mathrm{NN}}JNN​ between nearest neighbors and additional interactions JNNN{J}_{\mathrm{NNN}}JNNN​ between next-nearest neighbors and J3NN{J}_{3\mathrm{N}\mathrm{N}}J3NN​ between third-nearest neighbors. Results in zero magnetic field are obtained for a wide range of R=JNNN/JNN{J}_{\mathrm{NNN}/{J}_{\mathrm{NN}}}JNNN/JNN​​ and R'=J3NN/JNN{J}_{3\mathrm{N}\mathrm{N}/{J}_{\mathrm{NN}}}J3NN/JNN​​. In addition to the c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) and (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) phases, which also occur for R'=0, we find new (4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4) and (4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) ordered states, for R'\ensuremath{\ne}0, which are separated from the disordered state by lines of first-order transitions. The nonuniversal critical behavior of the (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) phase is studied using the block-distribution method and finite-size scaling. The possible existence of incommensurate phases is also explored.
We presents the results of an extensive numerical study of the phase diagram of the spin-1/2, J 1 - J 2 - J 3 Heisenberg model on a square lattice, for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions J 1 , using exact diagonalization with periodic and twisted boundary conditions. Comparison is made with published spin wave calculations. We show that quantum fluctuations play a very important role, changing both the extent and the wave vector of classical spiral phases, and leading to new quantum phases where the classical spiral states have a high degeneracy. These include a new phase with small or vanishing spin-stiffness, in addition to known valence-bond-solid and bond-nematic phases.