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Journal of Modern Optics

Exact analytical solutions for fully quantized parametric oscillation dynamics

Joseph Akeyo Omolo

Published Apr 1, 2013• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, a simple method for obtaining general analytical solutions of the time evolution equations for a fully quantized parametric oscillation process is developed. Heisenberg’s equations for the signal–idler photon annihilation operators are converted into a matrix equation equivalent to a two-state Jaynes–Cummings time evolution equation which has exact analytical solutions. The mean intensity inversion for the coupled signal–idler photon pair is found to undergo fractional revivals for pump photon in a Fock state, provided both signal and idler photons are in occupied Fock states. General collapses and revivals occur for interactions with pump photon in a coherent state, but now with both or either of signal and idler photons in occupied Fock states. An interpretation of the coupled signal–idler photon pair as a circularly polarized two-state system specified by positive and negative helicity states leads to an appropriate description of photon polarization state dynamics governed by the underlying Jaynes–Cummings interaction.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2013.798039

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In this paper, a simple method for obtaining general analytical solutions of the time evolution equations for a fully quantized parametric oscillation process is developed. Heisenberg’s equations for the signal–idler photon annihilation operators are converted into a matrix equation equivalent to a two-state Jaynes–Cummings time evolution equation which has exact analytical solutions. The mean intensity inversion for the coupled signal–idler photon pair is found to undergo fractional revivals for pump photon in a Fock state, provided both signal and idler photons are in occupied Fock states. General collapses and revivals occur for interactions with pump photon in a coherent state, but now with both or either of signal and idler photons in occupied Fock states. An interpretation of the coupled signal–idler photon pair as a circularly polarized two-state system specified by positive and negative helicity states leads to an appropriate description of photon polarization state dynamics governed by the underlying Jaynes–Cummings interaction.
An exact quantum treatment reveals that signal and idler photon number operators are not well-behaved dynamical operators for studying photon statistics in parametric amplification/down-conversion processes. Contrary to expectations, the mean signal-idler photon number difference varies with time, while the corresponding signal-idler photon number cross-correlation function is complex and experiences an interference phenomenon driven by the interaction parameters. The intensity operators and related polarization operators of the polarized signal-idler photon pair in positive and negative helicity states are identified as the appropriate operators specifying a conservation law and the dynamical symmetry group (SU(1, 1)) of the parametric amplification process. The conservation of the mean positive and negative helicity photon intensity difference and the purely real positive-negative helicity intensity cross-correlation function correctly account for the simultaneous production of polarized signal and idler photons in positive and negative helicity states.
This book provides exact analytical solutions to some of the most challenging and exciting problems in quantum optics, ranging from the theory of multi-level atom-radiation field interaction to multi-photon parametric processes in non-linear quantum optics. The problems are generally reduced to two-state dynamics for which detailed reader-friendly solution procedures displaying every important mathematical step are presented. The exact discrete and equivalent continuous variable time evolution operators generate explicitly specified time evolving spin / helicity coherent state vectors and Schroedinger wave functions describing the general quantum states of light, including dissipative dynamics. Photon polarization state dynamics under semi-classical and fully quantized parametric interactions is clearly presented. All the results in fully quantized parametric processes in non-linear quantum optics are new and are appearing for the first time in the literature. The book is particularly useful for graduate level teaching and as a resource text for research in linear and non-linear quantum optics.
We analyze the quantum dynamics of the fractional-time Jaynes-Cummings model using a recent unitary framework for the fractional-time Schrödinger equation. We examine how the fractional derivative order ααα influences non-classical features under different initial conditions. For an initial Fock state, fractional evolution introduces transient dynamics and heightened sensitivity to coupling strength. Through an inverse problem approach, we interpret these effects as arising from an effective time-dependent coupling with a strong initial pulse. For an initial coherent state, the fractional order tunes the system between dynamical regimes, with a transition at $α= 0.50 $ where standard collapse-and-revival is replaced by stable, periodic evolution. This regime enhances non-classical field properties, including stronger sub-Poissonian statistics, periodic quadrature squeezing, and the formation of Schrödinger cat states.
We derive analytic expressions for observable dynamics under the fully quantized trilinear Hamiltonian, governing quantum three-wave mixing and parametric amplification. Starting from a coherent pump and vacuum signal and idler, the calculation reorganizes the Heisenberg expansion into resummed depletion and return profiles, yielding directly evaluable expressions for all 1st-, 2nd- and 3rd-order correlations. The construction uses no parametric approximation or fitted parameters. Representative numerical benchmarks show errors of order 10−1210^{-12}10−12 throughout the entire pump depletion, and below 10−310^{-3}10−3 across dozens of depletion-and-back-conversion cycles, up to the first total collapse of the oscillation. The first-depletion treatment additionally provides 4th-order correlations, accommodates bright squeezed-pump inputs and reveals phenomena important to future optical quantum technologies. The framework can be extended to higher moments.
Jaynes–Cummings (JC) models are by far the most widely used to study the dynamics of two-level systems, such as atoms or molecules under suitable conditions, coupled to quantized electromagnetic fields. Nowadays, analytical solutions of JC models are more useful than ever for understanding and controlling radiation-matter interactions relevant to quantum information processing, quantum computing, and other quantum technologies. This study presents the analysis and generalization of a method for the solution of the dynamical problem in the time-independent JC model (Carbonaro et al., 1979) that enables an exact description of the atom-field dynamics in the resonant time-dependent JC model and in a nontrivial class of off-resonance time-dependent JC models. Our analysis produces the ready-to-use forms of the evolution operator in the resonant and non-resonant cases, which are then used to derive the evolution of the atomic population inversion for some types of atom-field coupling. The central idea behind the proposed approach offers opportunities for its extension to other time-dependent cases and its generalization to JC-related models.