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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Sum-Frequency Generation as an Ultrafast Quantum Detector for Heisenberg Scaled Phase Measurement

Avi Pe’er

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe ultrafast detection of quantum correlations using broadband sum-frequency generation as a physical two-mode detector. We apply the detection scheme to measurement of broadband squeezing and to phase estimation at the Heisenber limit.
DOI
10.1364/qels.2010.qfj2

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We introduce sum-frequency generation (SFG) as a physical detector for high-power two-mode squeezed coherent states with arbitrary frequency separation, as produced by parametric oscillators above threshold. Using a formalism of collective modes, we describe both two-mode squeezing and degenerate squeezing on equal footing and derive simple relations between the input degree of squeezing and the measured SFG quadrature noise. We show that the SFG quadratures provide a direct measure of the input squeezing and discuss the sensitivity limits of the proposed method.
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Phase-sensitive detection is the essential projective measurement for measurement-based continuous-variable quantum information processing. The bandwidth of conventional electrical phase-sensitive detectors is up to several gigahertz, which would limit the speed of quantum computation. It is theoretically proposed to realize terahertz-order detection bandwidth by using all-optical phase-sensitive detection with an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). However, there have been experimental obstacles to achieve large parametric gain for continuous waves, which is required for use in quantum computation. Here, we adopt a fiber-coupled χ (2) OPA made of a periodically poled LiNbO 3 waveguide with high durability for intense continuous-wave pump light. Thanks to that, we manage to detect quadrature amplitudes of broadband continuous-wave squeezed light. 3 dB of squeezing is measured up to 3 THz of sideband frequency with an optical spectrum analyzer. Furthermore, we demonstrate the phase-locking and dispersion compensation of the broadband continuous-wave squeezed light, so that the phase of the squeezed light is maintained over 1 THz. The ultra-broadband continuous-wave detection method and dispersion compensation would help to realize all-optical quantum computation with over-THz clock frequency.
By projecting onto complex optical mode profiles, it is possible to estimate arbitrarily small separations between objects with quantum-limited precision, free of uncertainty arising from overlapping intensity profiles. Here we extend these techniques to the time-frequency domain using mode-selective sum-frequency generation with shaped ultrafast pulses. We experimentally resolve temporal and spectral separations between incoherent mixtures of single-photon level signals ten times smaller than their optical bandwidths with a tenfold improvement in precision over the intensity-only Cramér-Rao bound.