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Physical Review A

Direct measurement of diffusion coefficients of cesium 6 P3/2 and 6 P1/2 excited-state atoms in neon gas

David S. Glassner, B. Ai, R. J. Knize

Published Oct 1, 1996• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Analysis of the relative angular response of the degenerate four-wave mixing signal in alkali-metal atoms mixed with a buffer gas allows direct determination of the excited-state diffusion coefficients. The measured diffusion coefficients D at 96 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 760 torr for the cesium 6${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ and 6${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$ state atoms in neon gas are 0.348(4) ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and 0.281(8) ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, respectively. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.54.3335

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Analysis of the relative angular response of the degenerate four-wave mixing signal in alkali-metal atoms mixed with a buffer gas allows direct determination of the excited-state diffusion coefficients. The measured diffusion coefficients D at 96 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 760 torr for the cesium 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ and 6P3/2{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}P3/2​ state atoms in neon gas are 0.348(4) cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2 s\ensuremath−1{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}s\ensuremath−1 and 0.281(8) cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2 s\ensuremath−1{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}s\ensuremath−1, respectively. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Direct Measurement of the Cesium 6P3/2_{3/2}3/2​ Excited State Diffusion Coefficient in Helium Using Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing Techniques
We present a robust method for measuring diffusion coefficients of warm atoms in buffer gases. Using optical pumping, we manipulate the atomic spin in a thin cylinder inside the cell. Then, we observe the spatial spread of optically pumped atoms in time using a camera, which allows us to determine the diffusion coefficient. As an example, we demonstrate measurements of diffusion coefficients of rubidium in neon, krypton and xenon acting as buffer gases. We have determined the normalized (273 K, 760 Torr) diffusion coefficients to be 0.18 ± 0.03 cm 2 /s for neon, 0.07 ± 0.01 cm 2 /s for krypton and 0.052 ± 0.006 cm 2 /s for xenon.
We present a robust method for measuring diffusion coefficients of warm atoms in buffer gases. Using optical pumping, we manipulate the atomic spin in a thin cylinder inside the cell. Then, we observe the spatial spread of optically pumped atoms in time using a camera, which allows us to determine the diffusion coefficient. As an example, we demonstrate measurements of diffusion coefficients of rubidium in neon, krypton and xenon acting as buffer gases. We have determined the normalized (273 K, 760 Torr) diffusion coefficients to be 0.18 ± 0.03 cm 2 /s for neon, 0.07 ± 0.01 cm 2 /s for krypton and 0.052 ± 0.006 cm 2 /s for xenon.
Alkali-metal vapors of rubidium and cesium have been optically pumped, with the D2 component of the resonance radiation and the reversal of the ground-state polarization observed as a function of buffer-gas pressure.It is well known that when complete mixing occurs in the 2p3/2 state, the polarization achieved in the grolfnd state (ZS1jz) is opposite to that obtained with the D 1 component of the resonance radiation when circularly polarized light is used.However, in the absence of mixing in the 2 P3/2 state, the sign of the polarization is the same for both D 1 and Dz light.For some finite degree of mixing of the 2p3/2 state, the equilibrium electronic polarization vanishes.From the null points observed in the Dz pumping signal vs buffer-gas -pressure curve, we have determined relative cross sections for collisional.disorientation of the 2 P3/2 state of a polarized Rb orCs atom.For Rb85 we fmd a 3 ; 2 (He) = 0.44 ± 15%, a 3 ,; (Ne) = 0.45 ± 15o/o, a 3 ; 2 (Kr) = 1.26 ± l5o/o, and a 3 ; 2 (Xe) = 1.46 ± J5o/o:; for Rb87 we find &3j 2 (He) = 0.47 ± 15o/o, a3/2(Ne) = 0.46 ± l5o/o, a3/ 2 (Kr) = 1.32 ± 15o/o, and a3/2 (Xe) = 1.46 ± 15%."For C s, a 3{ 2 (He) = Oo38 ± 15o/o, a3/2 (N e) = 0.42 ± 15 o/o, a3j2(Kr) = L22 ± 15o/o, and a 3 ;2(Xe = 1.45 ± 15o/o.All cross sections are relative to a3/2(Ar)o -• ••• -1-UCRL-17175
The population of the 3P state in atomic sodium produced by absorption in the extreme blue wing of the D lines is measured by excited-state degenerate four-wave mixing (ESDFWM). The strength of this ESDFWM signal is shown to give a measure of the pressure-broadened extreme-wing absorption coefficient alpha ( omega ). Relative values of alpha ( omega ) for the rare gases He, Ne and Ar are measured and compared with values calculated from theoretical interatomic potentials and from extreme-wing emission data. Very good agreement is found demonstrating the ability of this nonlinear technique to make accurate measurements of small excited-state densities with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. Advantages of the method for other applications are briefly discussed.