Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Demonstration of 1550 nm QKD with ROADM-based DWDM Networking and the Impact of Fiber FWM

P. Toliver, Robert J. Runser, Thomas E. Chapuran, Matthew S. Goodman, J. Jackel, Scott R. McNown, Richard Hughes, Charles G. Peterson, Kevin P. McCabe, J. E. Nordholt, K. Tyagi, Philip A. Hiskett, N. Dallman

Published May 1, 2007• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate compatibility of 1550 nm QKD with a MEMS-based ROADM and also show that four-wave mixing resulting from copropagating DWDM signals can become the dominant source of background noise within the QKD channel passband.
DOI
10.1109/cleo.2007.4452689

Related papers

Quantum Communications in Reconfigurable Optical Networks: DWDM QKD through a ROADM

Nicholas A. Peters, P. Toliver, Thomas E. Chapuran +9 more

We demonstrate coexistence of classical and quantum signals for quantum key distribution in a DWDM reconfigurable networking environment using a ROADM. We show how the limiting noise mechanism can depend on the link configuration.

Optical Fiber Communication Conference•Jan 1, 2010•9 citations

Impact of Four-Wave-Mixing Noise from Dense Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Systems on Entangled-State Continuous-Variable Quantum key Distribution

Shanna Du, Yan Tian, Yongmin Li

Integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) on the existing optical fiber network through dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) can greatly reduce the costs of quantum channels and improve the scalability and flexibility of the quantum communication network. In the scenarios of an access network or local area network with a large number of users, the connected optical fibers are relatively short and the quantum signal can be adjacent to the classical channels. In this case, the four-wave-mixing noise generated by the classical lights will have a severe impact on the performance of the QKD. We establish a theoretical model to characterize the excess noise in continuous-variable QKD induced by the four-wave mixing, and experimentally demonstrate the validity of the theoretical predictions. In addition, the influence of cross-phase-modulation noise between the carrier of the quantum signal and classical data channels on the QKD is investigated. To suppress the effect of the four-wave-mixing noise, an unequal channel spacing technique is employed. We realize coexistence of entangled state-based continuous-variable QKD and five adjacent DWDM classical channels with 10 dBm launch power and nonreturn-to-zero on-off-keying modulation at 2.5 Gb/s (10 Gb/s).

Physical Review Applied•Aug 6, 2020•21 citations

Compatibility of quantum key distribution with optical networking

Thomas E. Chapuran, P. Toliver, Robert J. Runser +13 more

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an emerging technology for secure distribution of keys between users linked by free-space or fiber optic transmission facilities. QKD has usually been designed for and operated over dedicated point-to-point links. However, the commercial world has been developing increasingly sophisticated fiber networks, with basic networking functions such as routing and multiplexing performed in the optical domain. One of the most important practical questions for the future of QKD is to what extent it can benefit from these trends, either to expand the capabilities of dedicated quantum networks, or to avoid the need for dedicated networks by combining quantum and conventional optical signals onto a single infrastructure. In this paper, we report on systematic investigations of these issues using a 1310-nm weak-coherent, phase-encoded B92 prototype QKD system developed by Los Alamos that includes the implementation of error correction, privacy amplification, and authentication. We have demonstrated reconfigurability of QKD networks via optical switching and successful QKD operation in the presence of amplified DWDM signals over 10 km of fiber. We have identified anti-Stokes Raman scattering of the DWDM signals in the fiber as a dominant transmission impairment for QKD, and developed filtering architectures to extend transmission distances to at least 25 km. We have also measured noise backgrounds and polarization variations in network fibers to understand applicability to real-world networks. We will discuss the implications of our results for the choice of QKD wavelengths, wavelength-spacing between QKD and conventional channels, and QKD network architectures.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 25, 2005•4 citations

Dense wavelength multiplexing of 1550 nm QKD with strong classical channels in reconfigurable networking environments

Nicholas A. Peters, P. Toliver, Thomas E. Chapuran +9 more

To move beyond dedicated links and networks, quantum communications signals must be integrated into networks carrying classical optical channels at power levels many orders of magnitude higher than the quantum signals themselves. We demonstrate the transmission of a 1550 nm quantum channel with up to two simultaneous 200 GHz spaced classical telecom channels, using reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer (ROADM) technology for multiplexing and routing quantum and classical signals. The quantum channel is used to perform quantum key distribution (QKD) in the presence of noise generated as a by-product of the co-propagation of classical channels. We demonstrate that the dominant noise mechanism can arise from either four-wave mixing or spontaneous Raman scattering, depending on the optical path characteristics as well as the classical channel parameters. We quantify these impairments and discuss mitigation strategies.

New Journal of Physics•Apr 1, 2009•231 citations

Dense wavelength multiplexing of 1550 nm QKD with strong classical channels in reconfigurable networking environments

Danna Rosenberg, Charles G. Peterson, Nicholas A. Dallmann +9 more

To move beyond dedicated links and networks, quantum communications signals must be integrated into networks carrying classical optical channels at power levels many orders of magnitude higher than the quantum signals themselves. We demonstrate transmission of a 1550-nm quantum channel with up to two simultaneous 200-GHz spaced classical telecom channels, using ROADM (reconfigurable optical <1dd drop multiplexer) technology for multiplexing and routing quantum and classical signals. The quantum channel is used to perform quantum key distribution (QKD) in the presence of noise generated as a by-product of the co-propagation of classical channels. We demonstrate that the dominant noise mechanism can arise from either four-wave mixing or spontaneous Raman scattering, depending on the optical path characteristics as well <1S the classical channel parameters. We quantity these impairments and discuss mitigation strategies.

•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations

Theoretical analysis of quantum key distribution systems when integrated with a DWDM optical transport network

Irina O. Vorontsova, R. Goncharov, Angelina Tarabrina +2 more

Theoretical research and numerical simulation of the noise influence caused by spontaneous Raman scattering, four-wave mixing, and linear channel cross talk on the performances of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems were conducted. Three types of QKD systems were considered: a coherent one-way QKD protocol, subcarrier-wave QKD system, and continuous-variable QKD integrated with classical dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) channels. We calculate the secure key generation rate for the systems mentioned addressing different channel allocation schemes (i.e., configurations). A uniform DWDM grid is considered with a quantum channel located in the C-band and O-band (at 1310 nm) of a telecommunication window. The systems’ performances are analyzed in terms of the maximal achievable distance values. Configurations for further analysis and investigation are chosen optimally, i.e., their maximal achievable distances are the best.

arXiv:2209.15507•Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Nov 14, 2022•21 citations
Integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) on the existing optical fiber network through dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) can greatly reduce the costs of quantum channels and improve the scalability and flexibility of the quantum communication network. In the scenarios of an access network or local area network with a large number of users, the connected optical fibers are relatively short and the quantum signal can be adjacent to the classical channels. In this case, the four-wave-mixing noise generated by the classical lights will have a severe impact on the performance of the QKD. We establish a theoretical model to characterize the excess noise in continuous-variable QKD induced by the four-wave mixing, and experimentally demonstrate the validity of the theoretical predictions. In addition, the influence of cross-phase-modulation noise between the carrier of the quantum signal and classical data channels on the QKD is investigated. To suppress the effect of the four-wave-mixing noise, an unequal channel spacing technique is employed. We realize coexistence of entangled state-based continuous-variable QKD and five adjacent DWDM classical channels with 10 dBm launch power and nonreturn-to-zero on-off-keying modulation at 2.5 Gb/s (10 Gb/s).
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an emerging technology for secure distribution of keys between users linked by free-space or fiber optic transmission facilities. QKD has usually been designed for and operated over dedicated point-to-point links. However, the commercial world has been developing increasingly sophisticated fiber networks, with basic networking functions such as routing and multiplexing performed in the optical domain. One of the most important practical questions for the future of QKD is to what extent it can benefit from these trends, either to expand the capabilities of dedicated quantum networks, or to avoid the need for dedicated networks by combining quantum and conventional optical signals onto a single infrastructure. In this paper, we report on systematic investigations of these issues using a 1310-nm weak-coherent, phase-encoded B92 prototype QKD system developed by Los Alamos that includes the implementation of error correction, privacy amplification, and authentication. We have demonstrated reconfigurability of QKD networks via optical switching and successful QKD operation in the presence of amplified DWDM signals over 10 km of fiber. We have identified anti-Stokes Raman scattering of the DWDM signals in the fiber as a dominant transmission impairment for QKD, and developed filtering architectures to extend transmission distances to at least 25 km. We have also measured noise backgrounds and polarization variations in network fibers to understand applicability to real-world networks. We will discuss the implications of our results for the choice of QKD wavelengths, wavelength-spacing between QKD and conventional channels, and QKD network architectures.
To move beyond dedicated links and networks, quantum communications signals must be integrated into networks carrying classical optical channels at power levels many orders of magnitude higher than the quantum signals themselves. We demonstrate the transmission of a 1550 nm quantum channel with up to two simultaneous 200 GHz spaced classical telecom channels, using reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer (ROADM) technology for multiplexing and routing quantum and classical signals. The quantum channel is used to perform quantum key distribution (QKD) in the presence of noise generated as a by-product of the co-propagation of classical channels. We demonstrate that the dominant noise mechanism can arise from either four-wave mixing or spontaneous Raman scattering, depending on the optical path characteristics as well as the classical channel parameters. We quantify these impairments and discuss mitigation strategies.
To move beyond dedicated links and networks, quantum communications signals must be integrated into networks carrying classical optical channels at power levels many orders of magnitude higher than the quantum signals themselves. We demonstrate transmission of a 1550-nm quantum channel with up to two simultaneous 200-GHz spaced classical telecom channels, using ROADM (reconfigurable optical <1dd drop multiplexer) technology for multiplexing and routing quantum and classical signals. The quantum channel is used to perform quantum key distribution (QKD) in the presence of noise generated as a by-product of the co-propagation of classical channels. We demonstrate that the dominant noise mechanism can arise from either four-wave mixing or spontaneous Raman scattering, depending on the optical path characteristics as well <1S the classical channel parameters. We quantity these impairments and discuss mitigation strategies.
Theoretical research and numerical simulation of the noise influence caused by spontaneous Raman scattering, four-wave mixing, and linear channel cross talk on the performances of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems were conducted. Three types of QKD systems were considered: a coherent one-way QKD protocol, subcarrier-wave QKD system, and continuous-variable QKD integrated with classical dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) channels. We calculate the secure key generation rate for the systems mentioned addressing different channel allocation schemes (i.e., configurations). A uniform DWDM grid is considered with a quantum channel located in the C-band and O-band (at 1310 nm) of a telecommunication window. The systems’ performances are analyzed in terms of the maximal achievable distance values. Configurations for further analysis and investigation are chosen optimally, i.e., their maximal achievable distances are the best.