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International Conference on Quantum Information

Polarization-Sensitive Quantum-Optical Coherence Tomography with Entangled Photons

Zhi Gao Zhao, Kent A. Meyer, William Barclay Whitten, Robert W. Shaw

Published Jan 1, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present an experimental demonstration of polarization-sensitive quantum-optical coherence tomography that not only provides the advantages of dispersion cancellation and resolution doubling, but also the capability for determining information about the birefringence of the sample.
DOI
10.1364/icqi.2007.ithb2

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Polarization-sensitive quantum optical coherence tomography (PS-QOCT) is used to image and characterize birefringence effects in biological samples. Entangled photons are generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion and split into a reference arm and a sample arm of a Mach Zehnder interferometer. Interferometric patterns between two entangled photons reveal information about tissue birefringence. Biological tissue samples are imaged and characterized, and their quantum interference patterns and birefringence profiles are presented.
Polarization sensitive quantum optical coherence tomography (PS-QOCT) is used to characterize birefringence, scattering/absorption and path length differences in a flat transparent plastic sample. In this Letter, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, experimental technique of PS-QOCT imaging and characterization of a birefringent material. Polarization sensitive coincidence rate of the entangled photons measured for each pixel and the 2D cross-sectional images are reconstructed. The technique described in this work has many potential applications in the characterization of micro and nano structures, including biological samples.
We propose a technique, called quantum-optical coherence tomography (QOCT), for carrying out tomographic measurements with dispersion-cancelled resolution. The technique can also be used to extract the frequency-dependent refractive index of the medium. QOCT makes use of a two-photon interferometer in which a swept delay permits a coincidence interferogram to be traced. The technique bears a resemblance to classical optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, it makes use of a nonclassical entangled twin-photon light source that permits measurements to be made at depths greater than those accessible via OCT, which suffers from the deleterious effects of sample dispersion. Aside from the dispersion cancellation, QOCT offers higher sensitivity than OCT as well as an enhancement of resolution by a factor of two for the same source bandwidth. QOCT and OCT are compared using an idealized sample.