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Optics Express

Nonlinear coupling between a nitrogen-vacancy-center ensemble and a superconducting qubit

Qiong Chen, Jun Wen, Wanli Yang, Mang Feng, Jiangfeng Du

Published Jan 23, 2015• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By exchange of virtual microwave photon induced by a transmission line resonator, the nonlinear interaction between a nitrogen-vacancy-center ensemble (NVE) and a superconducting charge qubit is achieved in circuit quantum electrodynamics, where the nonlinear coupling results from the second order of the coupling between the magnetic field of the transmission line resonator and the charge qubit. In our case, the nonlinear coupling can be much enhanced by a factor of the total spin number in the NVE. As an application, we present a potentially practical scheme to realize the squeezing of the NVE using the nonlinear coupling, which is within reach of the currently available technology.

DOI
10.1364/oe.23.001615

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By exchange of virtual microwave photon induced by a transmission line resonator, the nonlinear interaction between a nitrogen-vacancy-center ensemble (NVE) and a superconducting charge qubit is achieved in circuit quantum electrodynamics, where the nonlinear coupling results from the second order of the coupling between the magnetic field of the transmission line resonator and the charge qubit. In our case, the nonlinear coupling can be much enhanced by a factor of the total spin number in the NVE. As an application, we present a potentially practical scheme to realize the squeezing of the NVE using the nonlinear coupling, which is within reach of the currently available technology.
We propose a potentially practical scheme for creating entanglement between two distant nitrogen-vacancy-center (N-VVV) spin ensembles using a current-biased Josephson junction superconducting qubit and transmission line resonators. The idea provides a scalable way to an N-VVV ensemble-based quantum network, which is close to the reach with currently available technology.
We propose an efficient method for generating two-mode squeezed states of the collective excitation of two nitrogen-vacancy-center ensembles (NVEs), which are magnetically coupled to two interacting superconducting transmission line resonators via photon hopping, respectively. By applying the external driving fields to induce Raman transitions between the ground-state sublevels of the nitrogen-vacancy center, an effective interaction between the spin ensembles and the resonators can be engineered. We show that the dissipative quantum dynamical process of the two resonators can be employed to steer the two NVEs into a two-mode squeezed state. By comparison with previous proposals, our scheme does not need either an extra superconducting qubit, or external squeezing resource. The present work may have potential applications for implementing NVE-based hybrid quantum computation.
We present a scheme to engineer a two-mode squeezed state of effective bosonic modes realized by collective excitations of two distant nitrogen-vacancy-center ensembles (NVEs) coupled to separated transmission line resonators (TLRs), which are interconnected by a current-biased Josephson-junction superconducting qubit. By making use of the engineered NVE-TLR magnetic coupling with Raman transition between the ground sublevels of the NVEs, we may manipulate the artificial reservoir by tuning the external driving fields. The TLR decay induces an artificial reservoir, which can drive the system to the desired entangled squeezed states. Our idea provides a scalable way to a NVE-based continuous-variable quantum-information processing, which is close to being achievable with currently available technology.
We consider a hybrid quantum system consisting of two independent chains of nearest-neighbor linearly interacting superconducting transmission-line resonators, each of which a nitrogen-vacancy-center ensemble (NVE) is magnetically coupled to. In addition, the first-beginning pair of the resonators is locally driven by a two-mode microwave squeezed bath. We show that in the steady state a series of NVE pairs in the up and down chains is in a two-mode spin squeezed state. In the low excitation limit, collective excitation modes of the up- and down- NVE pairs are in the two-mode squeezed state of the driven field, i.e., realizing a perfect squeezed state replication.
Quantum entanglement is a kernel of quantum computation and quantum communication. We introduce a theoretical scheme to achieve the entanglement between two separated quantum nodes in a hybrid system. The proposed hybrid system based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spin ensemble is coherently coupled to a superconducting quantum circuit consisting of two quantum nodes and a quantum channel. Each node in our setup is composed of an NV center spin ensemble magnetically coupled to a superconducting coplanar resonator. The NV center spin ensemble composed of N identical and non-interacting NV spins, is placed in the magnetic field antinode of the superconducting coplanar resonator where the coupling is maximized. An array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) is inserted in the central conductor of resonator to make its frequency tunable with the magnetic flux threading through the SQUID loops. This flux is generated by passing current through an on-chip wire, so that the resonator can be brought in resonance with the NV center spins without changing their Zeeman splitting. Quantum qubits encoded into two separate nodes are connected by a vacuum superconducting coplanar resonator that is used as a quantum channel. This setup can potentially take the best elements of each individual system:NV center spin ensemble with longer coherence time capable of preparing, storing and releasing photonic quantum information, and the superconducting quantum circuits are easy to manipulate externally and can perform quantum logic gates to control quantum information rapidly. In order to realize the entanglement between two separated quantum nodes, firstly, we make a canonical transformation and obtain the Hamiltonian of the system that is reduced to two NV center spin ensembles resonantly coupled to a single mode of the superconducting coplanar resonator. Then we put forward the hybrid NV center spin-photon qubit encoding. In this hybrid encoding, the NV center spin and photon degrees of freedom enter on an equal footing into the definition of the qubit, in which case, quantum channel will switch on when three superconducting coplanar resonators are in resonance with each other, and all the manipulations can perform simply by tuning the frequencies of the superconducting coplanar resonators. Under the precise control of the evolution time, high fidelity entanglement between two separated quantum nodes is achieved. We show that this proposal can provide high fidelity quantum entanglement under realistic conditions, both in the resonant and the dispersive interaction cases. This hybrid quantum system will exhibit long coherence time and possess features like easy fabrication, integratability, and potential scalability. Furthermore, the quantum node composed of an NV center spin ensemble magnetically coupled to a superconducting coplanar resonator can be respectively integrated, which has practical applications in the realization of quantum information transmission and quantum entanglement among multiple quantum nodes.
Exploration of macroscopic quantum entanglement is of great interest in both fundamental science and practical application. We investigate a hybrid quantum system that consists of two nitrogen-vacancy centers ensembles (NVE) coupled to a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator (CPWR). The collective magnetic coupling between the NVE and the CPWR is employed to generate macroscopic entanglement between the NVEs, where the CPWR acts as the quantum bus. We find that, this NVE-CPWR hybrid system behaves as a system of three coupled harmonic oscillators, and the excitation prepared initially in the CPWR can be distributed into these two NVEs. In the nondissipative case, the entanglement of NVEs oscillates periodically and the maximal entanglement always keeps unity if the CPWR is initially prepared in the odd coherent state. Considering the dissipative effect from the CPWR and NVEs, the amount of entanglement between these two NVEs strongly depends on the initial state of the CPWR, and the maximal entanglement can be tuned by adjusting the initial states of the total system. The experimental feasibility and challenge with currently available technology are discussed.