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Chinese Physics Letters

Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing of Key Using Practical Faint Laser Pulses

Zhanjun Zhang, Man Zhong-Xiao

Published Jun 16, 2005• 32 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on a bidirectional quantum key distribution protocol [Phys. Rev. A 70 (2004) 012311], we propose a ( m −1, m −1)-threshold scheme of m ( m ⩾ 3)-party quantum secret sharing of key by using practical faint laser pulses. In our scheme, if all the m −1 sharers collaborate, they can obtain the joint secret key from the message sender. Our scheme is more feasible according to the present-day technology.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/22/7/008

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Based on a bidirectional quantum key distribution protocol [Phys. Rev. A 70 (2004) 012311], we propose a ( m −1, m −1)-threshold scheme of m ( m ⩾ 3)-party quantum secret sharing of key by using practical faint laser pulses. In our scheme, if all the m −1 sharers collaborate, they can obtain the joint secret key from the message sender. Our scheme is more feasible according to the present-day technology.
We present a robust (n,n)-threshold scheme for multiparty quantum secret sharing of key over two collective-noise channels (i.e., the collective dephasing channel and the collective rotating channel) via three-photon mixed states. In our scheme, only if all the sharers collaborate together can they establish a joint key with the message sender and extract the secret message from the sender's encrypted message. This scheme can be implemented using only a Bell singlet, a one-qubit state and polarization identification of single photon, so it is completely feasible according to the present-day technique.
We propose a new quantum secret sharing scheme using a single non-entangled qubit. In the scheme, by transmitting a qubit to the next party sequentially, a sender can securely transmit a secret message to NNN receivers who could only decode the message cooperatively after randomly shuffling the polarization of the qubit. We explain this quantum secret sharing scheme into the one between a sender and two receivers, and generalize the scheme between a sender and NNN receivers. Since our scheme is capable of using a faint coherent pulse as a qubit, it is experimentally feasible within current technology.
Based on a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol [Phys. Rev. A 69 052319 (2004)], we propose a (n,n)(n,n)(n,n)-threshold scheme of multiparty quantum secret sharing of classical messages (QSSCM) using only single photons. We take advantage of this multiparty QSSCM scheme to establish a scheme of multiparty secret sharing of quantum information (SSQI), in which only all quantum information receivers collaborate can the original qubit be reconstructed. A general idea is also proposed for constructing multiparty SSQI schemes from any QSSCM scheme.
We propose a (t, n)-threshold quantum secret sharing protocol of secure direct communication following some ideas of Zhang's protocol [Phys. Lett. A 342 (2005) 60] and Tokunaga et al.'s protocol [Phys. Rev. A 71 (2005) 012314]. The sender distributes the classical secret shares to his or her n agents and each agent owns a secret share in advance. The sender's secure direct communication message can be extracted by an agent subset by collaboration in such a way that at least t or more agents can obtain the secret message with the mutual assistances but any t - 1 or fewer agents cannot. In contrast to the previous multiparty quantum secret sharing protocols in which the sender's secret message can be recovered only if all the agents collaborate, our protocol is more practical and more flexible.
We present a two-way protocol for the quantum key distribution with practical faint laser pulses. It is secure when the faint laser pulses contain no more than two photons. The key distribution task is completed in two transmissions. Bob first sends the laser pulses to Alice, and Alice encodes the key message through certain unitary operations and returns the laser pulses to Bob. Security is achieved by placing eavesdropping check procedures in both transmissions. This protocol is secure and is close to practical conditions. In addition, it does not require the exchange of measuring basis information between Alice and Bob, hence saving a lot of storage space.