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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Mean-field theory of the transverse-field Ising spin glass in the classical limit

Mai Suan Li, Krzysztof. Walasek, Marek Cieplak

Published Nov 1, 1997• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An infinite-range transverse-field Ising spin glass is studied in the classical limit. At the $T=0$ phase transition the nonlinear susceptibility diverges as a function of the field with an exponent of $1/2$ which is equal to the quantum estimates but without a multiplicative logarithmic correction. The replica-symmetric solution fails at $T=0$ below the critical value of the transverse field. Equations that break the replica symmetry are constructed and are shown to be harder to solve than in the absence of the transverse field. In the absence of the transverse field their solution agrees with that of Sommers and Dupont [J. Phys. C 17, 5785 (1984)].

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.56.11715

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An infinite-range transverse-field Ising spin glass is studied in the classical limit. At the T=0T=0T=0 phase transition the nonlinear susceptibility diverges as a function of the field with an exponent of 1/21/21/2 which is equal to the quantum estimates but without a multiplicative logarithmic correction. The replica-symmetric solution fails at T=0T=0T=0 below the critical value of the transverse field. Equations that break the replica symmetry are constructed and are shown to be harder to solve than in the absence of the transverse field. In the absence of the transverse field their solution agrees with that of Sommers and Dupont [J. Phys. C 17, 5785 (1984)].
In this paper we investigate for the infinite-range Ising spin-glass model [i.e., the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model] with a transverse field under the static approximation by using the imaginary-time replica formalism. From the investigations we show three important results: First, we show that a replica-symmetric quantum spin-glass phase is stable in most of the area of the spin-glass phase in the temperature-transverse field phase diagram. This confirms the existence of a stable replica-symmetric spin glass phase under the static approximation, which is contrary to some previous results derived without the static approximation where the replica-symmetric solution is always unstable in the whole spin-glass phase. Second, we show our theoretical result for the nonlinear susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{nl}}$ which conforms to the experimental result of nonlinear susceptibility measurement by Wu et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1919 (1993)] in a quantum spin glass ${\mathrm{LiHo}}_{x}{\mathrm{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{F}}_{4}.$ Third, in a classical (SK) spin-glass system, we confirm the anomaly in the second temperature derivative of CH/T{C}_{H}/TCH​/T near the glass transition temperature Tg,{T}_{g},Tg​, associated possibly with the field-dependent variation of entropy in the spin glass transition, which agrees with the previous experimental observation in a classical spin glass system CuMn by Fogle et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1815 (1983)]. We also show that this anomaly is suppressed by the nonzero transverse field of the quantum spin glass system, by which we can check for the quantum tunneling competing against spin freezing.
The replica-symmetry-breaking (RSB) solution of the infinite-range Ising spin glass in the presence of a transverse field is obtained. The quenched free energy and the phase boundary of the glass transition temperature versus the transverse field are calculated at first-step RSB without using the static approximation. We demonstrate that replica symmetry (RS) has to be broken in the spin-glass phase by comparing the free energies of the RSB and RS solutions. No evidence is found to support an intermediate spin-glass phase with replica symmetry.
We report exact numerical diagonalization results of the infinite-range Ising spin glass in a transverse field ΓΓΓ at zero temperature. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are determined for various strengths of ΓΓΓ and for system sizes N≤16N \le 16N≤16. We obtain the moments of the distribution of the spin-glass order parameter, the spin-glass susceptibility and the mass gap at different values of ΓΓΓ. The disorder averaging is done typically over 1000 configurations. Our finite size scaling analysis indicates a spin glass transition at Γc≃1.5Γ_c \simeq 1.5Γc​≃1.5. Our estimates for the exponents at the transition are in agreement with those known from other approaches. For the dynamic exponent, we get z=2.1±0.1z=2.1 \pm 0.1z=2.1±0.1 which is in contradiction with a recent estimate (z=4z=4z=4). Our cumulant analysis indicates the existence of a replica symmetric spin glass phase for Γ<ΓcΓ< Γ_cΓ<Γc​.
The infinite-range Ising spin-glass in the presence of a transverse field is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. The overlap probability distribution P ( q ) is defined and calculated for the present quantum case. The P ( q ) in the spin-glass phase has a long tail extended down to q = 0 qualitatively similar to the classical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. The phase boundary of the glass transition temperature vs. the transverse field is obtained. Our results for the phase diagram agree with our recent replica symmetry-breaking solution but disagree with the results of Yokata and of Ray et al.
The infinite-range Ising spin glass in the presence of a transverse field is considered. Using the generalised Trotter formula and replica methods, the free energy for the system with quenched random bond interactions is evaluated using the static approximation. It is shown that, when the strength of the transverse field equals the largest eigenvalue of the random bond interaction matrix, the spin glass transition is destroyed. The authors also show that a replica-symmetric spin glass phase is stable in a certain region of the temperature-field phase diagram. Finally they present suggestive arguments which indicate that, when the time dependence of the dynamic susceptibility is included, then the stability of the replica-symmetric phase is enhanced.
The classical transverse field Ising spin-glass model with short-range interactions is investigated beyond the mean-field approximation for a real d -dimensional lattice. We use an appropriate non-trivial modification of the Bethe-Peierls method recently formulated for the Ising spin-glass. The zero-temperature critical value of the transverse field and the linear susceptibility in the paramagnetic phase are obtained analytically as functions of dimensionality d . The phase diagram is also calculated numerically for different values of d . In the limit , known mean-field results are consistently reproduced.