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Physical Review Letters

Observation of Spin Exchange Between the Singly Ionized Xe+ Ground State and the Metastable State of Neutral Xenon

T. Hadeishi, Chung-Heng Liu

Published Sep 5, 1966• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed spin-exchange collisions between the singly ionized $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ ground state of Xe and the $^{3}P_{2}$ metastable state of neutral Xe, both formed and aligned by electronic-impact excitation under space-charge neutralization. Extension to the rf spectroscopy of the ionized ground state of other noble-gas atoms seems promising.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.17.513

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The radio-frequency paramagnetic-resonance method was used to observe the exchange collisions between the singly ionized Xe ground state $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ and the neutral metastable state $^{3}P_{2}$. The ionic ground-state and metastable-state atoms are both formed and aligned by unidirectional low-energy high-flux electron-beam impact. The magnetic resonances of even and odd ionic ground-state atoms were observed by monitoring changes in the transparency of the resonance radiation absorbed by the metastable-state atoms. Phenomenological theories are presented which explain the sign of the magnetic-resonance signal of the ionic ground state relative to that of the neutral metastable state, together with independent experimental evidence to support the theories. Conclusive experimental evidence is presented supporting our original assumptions that the ionic ground-state ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}(^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})$ is aligned by low-energy electron-impact ionization and that such alignment is detectable through the results of exchange collisions with the metastable state.

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State-changing collisions between Xenon Rydberg atoms and neutral targets

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Thermal collisions between laser excited Xe(nf) Rydberg atoms and a variety of neutral atomic and molecular targets have been investigated. In Xe(nf)-HF collisions, n-changing, 4-changing and collisional ionization were observed. For n = 26 and 27, absolute collisional cross sections for these processes have been determined using time-resolved selective field ionization. In addition, the first evidence of molecular rotational excitation through the transfer of energy of electronic excitation from a Rydberg atom is presented. In Xe(nf) - Xe, Kr, Ar, CO2, CO and N2 collisions the dominant mechanism was observed to be 4-changing: no evidence of n-changing or collisional ionization was apparent. Absolute collisional cross sections have been determined for a range of n between 24 and 37. Comparison of these cross sections with those obtained using a theoretical model in which effects due to the Rydberg core are ignored appears to lead to satisfactory results only for Xe, Kr and CO2, whereas when core effects are included satisfactory agreement between experiment and theory is found in all cases.

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Metastability-exchange and depolarising collisions in xenon and krypton

V. Lefèvre-Seguin, Michèle Leduc

Collisions between rare-gas atoms in the 3 P 2 metastable state and in the ground state were studied. The metastable atoms were created by a discharge and oriented by optical pumping, and pressure broadening of their magnetic-resonance curves was measured. For xenon, mixtures of even and odd isotopes were used, leading to a determination of the cross section for metastability-exchange collisions. For krypton the results are reported for the disorientation of the metastable state in the natural gas. In addition the disorientation cross section has been measured of the krypton metastable state through collisions with helium.

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Aug 1, 1977•13 citations
We have observed spin-exchange collisions between the singly ionized 2P32^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}2P23​​ ground state of Xe and the 3P2^{3}P_{2}3P2​ metastable state of neutral Xe, both formed and aligned by electronic-impact excitation under space-charge neutralization. Extension to the rf spectroscopy of the ionized ground state of other noble-gas atoms seems promising.
The radio-frequency paramagnetic-resonance method was used to observe the exchange collisions between the singly ionized Xe ground state 2P32^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}2P23​​ and the neutral metastable state 3P2^{3}P_{2}3P2​. The ionic ground-state and metastable-state atoms are both formed and aligned by unidirectional low-energy high-flux electron-beam impact. The magnetic resonances of even and odd ionic ground-state atoms were observed by monitoring changes in the transparency of the resonance radiation absorbed by the metastable-state atoms. Phenomenological theories are presented which explain the sign of the magnetic-resonance signal of the ionic ground state relative to that of the neutral metastable state, together with independent experimental evidence to support the theories. Conclusive experimental evidence is presented supporting our original assumptions that the ionic ground-state Xe+(2P32){\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}(^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})Xe+(2P23​​) is aligned by low-energy electron-impact ionization and that such alignment is detectable through the results of exchange collisions with the metastable state.
The radiofreq'uency paragm.agnetic-re sonance m.ethod was used to observe the exchange collisions between th-e Xe ionic ground state 2P3/2 and the neutral metastable state 3 P2o The ionic ground-state and m.etastable-state atom.s are both form.edand aligned by unidirectional low-energy high-flux electron-beam.im.pact.The m.agnetic resonance of the ionic ground-state atom.s was observed by m.onitoring changes in the transparency of the resonance radiation absorbed by the m.etastable-state atom.s.The experim.ent is described in detail; along with a possible process for observing this resonance.Phenom.enologicaltheories are presented which m.ay explain the sign of the m.agnetic resonance signal of the ionic ground state com.pared with the m.etastable m.agnetic resonance.
The 3P2^{3}P_{2}3P2​ metastable atoms of neon have been optically oriented. This represents the first case of the optical pumping of non-SSS state atoms. The optical-pumping process is described, and depolarization cross sections for collisions with ground-state neon and ground-state helium atoms measured. The cross section for collisional depolarization with helium is 4.30 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.22 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2, and with neon is 166 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 8 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2 at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The metastable 3P2^{3}P_{2}3P2​ atoms of Ar and Xe have also been optically pumped. As the polarizability of the noble-gas buffer increases, the collisional depolarization cross section approaches the diffusion cross section.
Thermal collisions between laser excited Xe(nf) Rydberg atoms and a variety of neutral atomic and molecular targets have been investigated. In Xe(nf)-HF collisions, n-changing, 4-changing and collisional ionization were observed. For n = 26 and 27, absolute collisional cross sections for these processes have been determined using time-resolved selective field ionization. In addition, the first evidence of molecular rotational excitation through the transfer of energy of electronic excitation from a Rydberg atom is presented. In Xe(nf) - Xe, Kr, Ar, CO2, CO and N2 collisions the dominant mechanism was observed to be 4-changing: no evidence of n-changing or collisional ionization was apparent. Absolute collisional cross sections have been determined for a range of n between 24 and 37. Comparison of these cross sections with those obtained using a theoretical model in which effects due to the Rydberg core are ignored appears to lead to satisfactory results only for Xe, Kr and CO2, whereas when core effects are included satisfactory agreement between experiment and theory is found in all cases.
Collisions between rare-gas atoms in the 3 P 2 metastable state and in the ground state were studied. The metastable atoms were created by a discharge and oriented by optical pumping, and pressure broadening of their magnetic-resonance curves was measured. For xenon, mixtures of even and odd isotopes were used, leading to a determination of the cross section for metastability-exchange collisions. For krypton the results are reported for the disorientation of the metastable state in the natural gas. In addition the disorientation cross section has been measured of the krypton metastable state through collisions with helium.