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International Workshop on Metamaterials (Meta)

Unusual entanglement transformation properties of the quantum radiation through one-dimensional random system containing left-handed-materials

Yunxia Dong, Xiangdong Zhang

Published Nov 1, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum radiation through the multilayer structures containing the left-handed materials is investigated based on the Green-function approach to the quantization of the phenomenological Maxwell theory. Emphasis is placed on the effect of randomness on the generation and transmission of entangled-states. It is shown that some unusual properties appear for the present systems in comparison with those of the conventional dielectric structures. The quantum relative entropy is always enhanced with the increase of random degree due to the existence of nonlocalized mode in the present systems, while the maximal entanglement can be observed only at some certain randomness for the conventional dielectric structures. In contrast to exponential decrease in the conventional systems, the entanglement degrades slowly with the increase of disorder and thickness of the sample near the nonlocalized mode after transmission through the present systems. This will benefit the quantum communication for long distance.

DOI
10.1109/meta.2008.4723580

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The quantum radiation through the multilayer structures containing the left-handed materials is investigated based on the Green-function approach to the quantization of the phenomenological Maxwell theory. Emphasis is placed on the effect of randomness on the generation and transmission of entangled-states. It is shown that some unusual properties appear for the present systems in comparison with those of the conventional dielectric structures. The quantum relative entropy is always enhanced with the increase of random degree due to the existence of nonlocalized mode in the present systems, while the maximal entanglement can be observed only at some certain randomness for the conventional dielectric structures. In contrast to exponential decrease in the conventional systems, the entanglement degrades slowly with the increase of disorder and thickness of the sample near the nonlocalized mode after transmission through the present systems. This will benefit the quantum communication for long distance.
The quantum radiation through the multilayer structures containing the left-handed materials is investigated based on the Green-function approach to the quantization of the phenomenological Maxwell theory. Emphasis is placed on the effect of randomness on the generation and transmission of entangled-states. It is shown that some unusual properties appear for the present systems in comparison with those of the conventional dielectric structures. The quantum relative entropy is always enhanced with the increase of random degree due to the existence of nonlocalized mode in the present systems, while the maximal entanglement can be observed only at some certain randomness for the conventional dielectric structures. In contrast to exponential decrease in the conventional systems, the entanglement degrades slowly with the increase of disorder and thickness of the sample near the nonlocalized mode after transmission through the present systems. This will benefit the quantum communication for long distances.
Using the Green-function approach to the problem of quantization of the phenomenological Maxwell theory, the propagation of quantized radiation through dispersive and absorptive multilayer dielectric plates is studied. Input-output relations are derived, with special emphasis on the determination of the quantum noise generators associated with the absorption of radiation inside the dielectric matter. The input-output relations are used to express arbitrary correlation functions of the outgoing field in terms of correlation functions of the incoming field and those of the noise generators. To illustrate the theory, photons at dielectric tunneling barriers are considered. It is shown that inclusion in the calculations of losses in the photonic band gaps may substantially change the barrier traversal times. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Using the Green function approach to the problem of quantization of the phenomenological Maxwell theory, the propagation of quantized radiation through dispersive and absorptive multilayer dielectric plates is studied. Input--output relations are derived, with special emphasis on the determination of the quantum noise generators associated with the absorption of radiation inside the dielectric matter. The input--output relations are used to express arbitrary correlation functions of the outgoing field in terms of correlation functions of the incoming field and those of the noise generators. To illustrate the theory, the effect of a single-slab plate on the mean photon-number densities in the frequency domain is discussed in more detail.
The influence of losses in the interferometric generation and the transmission of continuous-variable entangled light is studied, with special emphasis on Gaussian states. Based on the theory of quantum-state transformation at absorbing dielectric devices, the amount of entanglement is quantified by means of the relative-entropy measure. Upper bounds of entanglement and the distance to the set of separable Gaussian states are calculated. Compared with the distance measure, the bounds can substantially overestimate the entanglement. In particular, they do not show the drastic decrease of entanglement with increasing mean photon number, as does the distance measure.
The use of instruments in optical experiments needs careful examination with regard to their action on the quantum statistics of radiation. Instruments that respond linearly to radiation may be regarded as spatially structured dielectrics whose presence can be taken into consideration by quantizing the phenomenological Maxwell theory. Since radiation in dielectric matter undergoes dispersion and absorption, the losses must necessarily be included in a quantization scheme. This central problem can be solved by using a novel approach that is based on a Green’s function expansion of the radiation field in place of a mode expansion, which fails when the losses are taken into account. The theory is applied to calculate quantum-theoretically consistent inputoutput relations for dispersive and absorptive multi-slab dielectric plates. Assuming that the polarization field and the electric field are locally related to each other, the phenomenological Maxwell equations governing the propagation of radiation in linear dielectrics, without external sources, can be quantized by supplementing them by an appropriately chosen noise source associated with the losses in the dielectric matter. For the sake of transparency, let us consider a multi-slab dielectric plate with permittivity ε(x, ω) and restrict attention to radiation that propagates along the x axis and is polarized in z direction.
Quantum communication schemes widely use dielectric four-port devices as basic elements for constructing optical quantum channels. Dielectrics with complex permittivity are typical examples of noisy quantum channels in which quantum coherence will not be preserved. Basing on quantization of phenomenological electrodynamics, we construct the transformation relating the output quantum state to the input quantum state without placing frequency restrictions. Knowledge of the full transformed quantum state enables us to compute the entanglement contained in the output state.