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Physical Review A

Generating two-photon entangled states in a driven two-atom system

Khulud Almutairi, R. Tanaś, Z. Ficek

Published Jul 27, 2011• 36 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a mechanism for a controlled generation of a pure Bell state with correlated atoms that involve two or zero excitations. The mechanism inhibits transitions into singly excited collective states of a two-atom system by shifting them from their unperturbed energies. The shift is accomplished by the dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms. The creation of the Bell state is found to be dependent on the relaxation of the atomic excitation. When the relaxation is not present or can be ignored, the state of the system evolves harmonically between a separable to the maximally entangled state. We follow the temporal evolution of the state and find that the concurrence can be different from zero only in the presence of the dipole-dipole interaction. Furthermore, in the limit of a large dipole-dipole interaction, the concurrence reduces to that predicted for an X state of the system. A general inequality is found which shows that the concurrence of an X-state system is a lower bound for the concurrence of the two-atom system. With the relaxation present, the general state of the system is a mixed state that under a strong dipole-dipole interaction reduces the system to an X-state form. We find that mixed states admit of lower level of entanglement, and the entanglement may occur over a finite range of time. A simple analytical expression is obtained for the steady-state concurrence which shows that there is a threshold value for the dipole-dipole interaction relative to the Rabi frequency of the driving field above which the atoms can be entangled over the entire time of the evolution.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.013831

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We describe a mechanism for a controlled generation of a pure Bell state with correlated atoms that involve two or zero excitations. The mechanism inhibits transitions into singly excited collective states of a two-atom system by shifting them from their unperturbed energies. The shift is accomplished by the dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms. The creation of the Bell state is found to be dependent on the relaxation of the atomic excitation. When the relaxation is not present or can be ignored, the state of the system evolves harmonically between a separable to the maximally entangled state. We follow the temporal evolution of the state and find that the concurrence can be different from zero only in the presence of the dipole-dipole interaction. Furthermore, in the limit of a large dipole-dipole interaction, the concurrence reduces to that predicted for an X state of the system. A general inequality is found which shows that the concurrence of an X-state system is a lower bound for the concurrence of the two-atom system. With the relaxation present, the general state of the system is a mixed state that under a strong dipole-dipole interaction reduces the system to an X-state form. We find that mixed states admit of lower level of entanglement, and the entanglement may occur over a finite range of time. A simple analytical expression is obtained for the steady-state concurrence which shows that there is a threshold value for the dipole-dipole interaction relative to the Rabi frequency of the driving field above which the atoms can be entangled over the entire time of the evolution.
We describe a mechanism for a controlled generation of a pure Bell state with correlated atoms that involve two or zero excitations. The mechanism inhibits transitions into singly excited collective states of a two-atom system by shifting them from their unperturbed energies. The shift is accomplished by the dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms. The creation of the Bell state is found to be dependent on the relaxation of the atomic excitation. When the relaxation is not present or can be ignored, the state of the system evolves harmonically between a separable to the maximally entangled state. We follow the temporal evolution of the state and find that the concurrence can be different from zero only in the presence of the dipole-dipole interaction. Furthermore, in the limit of a large dipole-dipole interaction, the concurrence reduces to that predicted for an X-state of the system. A general inequality is found which shows that the concurrence of an X-state system is a lower bound for the concurrence of the two-atom system. With the relaxation present, the general state of the system is a mixed state that under a strong dipole-dipole interaction reduces the system to an X-state form. We find that mixed states admit of lower level of entanglement, and the entanglement may occur over a finite range of time. A simple analytical expression is obtained for the steady-state concurrence which shows that there is a threshold value for the dipole-dipole interaction relative to the Rabi frequency of the driving field above which the atoms can be entangled over the entire time of the evolution.
We propose a scheme that is able to generate on demand a steady-state entanglement between two nondegenerate cavity modes. The scheme relies on the interaction of the cavity modes with driven two- or three-level atoms, which act as a coupler to build entanglement between the modes. We show that, in the limit of a strong driving, it is crucial for the generation of entanglement between the modes to imbalance populations of the dressed states of the driven atomic transition. In the case of a three-level VVV-type atom, we find that a stationary entanglement can be created on demand by tuning the Rabi frequency of the driving field to the difference between the atomic transition frequencies. The resulting degeneracy of the energy levels, together with the spontaneously generated coherence, generate a steady-state entanglement between the cavity modes. It is shown that the condition for the maximal entanglement coincides with the collapse of the atomic system into a pure trapping state. We also show that the creation of entanglement depends strongly on the mutual polarization of the transition atomic dipole moments.
Abstract. We discuss the creation of entanglement between two two-level atoms in the dissipative process of spontaneous emission. It is shown that spontaneous emission can lead to a transient entanglement between the atoms even if the atoms were prepared initially in an unentangled state. The amount of entanglement created in the system is quantified by using two different measures: concurrence and negativity. We find analytical formulas for the evolution of concurrence and negativity in the system. We also find the analytical relation between the two measures of entanglement. The system consists of two two-level atoms which are separated by an arbitrary distance r12 and interact with each other via the dipole-dipole interaction, and the antisymmetric state of the system is included throughout, even for small inter-atomic separations, in contrast to the small sample model. It is shown that for sufficiently large values of the dipole-dipole interaction initially the entanglement exhibits oscillatory behaviour with considerable entanglement in the peaks. For longer times the amount of entanglement is directly related to the population of the slowly decaying antisymmetric state.
Abstract We propose a high-fidelity and robust scheme for generating two-excitation Bell entangled states in a driven system of two dipole-dipole coupled two-level atoms. By exploiting the cascade structure of the collective states and applying a Morris-Shore transformation, the dynamics is reduced to an effective two-level system, enabling an analytical derivation of pulse area conditions for deterministic entanglement generation. The protocol is implemented in two sequential stages, allowing complete population transfer from the ground state to the maximally coherent superposition of the zero- and double-excitation states. To enhance robustness against pulse area and detuning errors, we replace single pulse pairs with composite pulse sequences featuring tailored phase patterns. Numerical simulations demonstrate substantial enlargement of high-fidelity regions, with different phase sequences providing different robustness profiles against pulse area and detuning errors. Our results provide a simple and analytically tractable route toward robust entanglement generation in driven atomic platforms.
We discuss the creation of entanglement between two two-level atoms in the dissipative process of spontaneous emission. It is shown that spontaneous emission can lead to a transient entanglement between the atoms even if the atoms were prepared initially in an unentangled state. The amount of entanglement created in the system is quantified by using two different measures: concurrence and negativity. We find analytical formulae for the evolution of concurrence and negativity in the system. We also find the analytical relation between the two measures of entanglement. The system consists of two two-level atoms which are separated by an arbitrary distance r 12 and interact with each other via the dipole–dipole interaction, and the antisymmetric state of the system is included throughout, even for small interatomic separations, in contrast to the small-sample model. It is shown that for sufficiently large values of the dipole–dipole interaction initially the entanglement exhibits oscillatory behaviour with considerable entanglement in the peaks. For longer times the amount of entanglement is directly related to the population of the slowly decaying antisymmetric state.