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Applied Physics B

Nonlinear behaviour of atomic fluorescence in mercury vapours following double-resonance laser excitation

Nicolo’ Omenetto, Oleg I. Matveev, Wilfredo Resto, Raúl G. Badini, Benjamin W. Smith, James D. Winefordner

Published Apr 1, 1994• 20 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf01082625

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Abstract It is known that the fluorescence of mercury vapour can be excited by absorption in the region λ 1850, situated near the resonance line 1 1S0- 1 1P1, and in the region of band absorption λ 2345. It can also be excited by absorption in the region of the resonance line 1 1S0— 2 3P1 2536.52. In this latter case it has, I believe, been generally supposed that fluorescence is not obtained unless excitation is fairly close to the resonance line. Thus Prings-heim and Terenin found that a hot mercury lamp (punktlampe of Heraeus) or an overloaded ordinary 220-volt mercury lamp does not give band fluorescence of any kind. In the hot lamp the core of the resonance line is removed by self reversal. It is, however, well known that unexcited mercury vapour has an absorption band beginning near the resonance line 2537, and extending, if the vapour is dense, to a distance of some hundreds of Ångstroms towards longer waves. The question arises whether this absorption is accompanied by fluorescent emission or not.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character•Aug 1, 1929•4 citations
Frequency-modulated light was generated by the application of a magnetic field oscillating at frequencies in the range 1-10 MHz to mercury vapour undergoing resonance fluorescence. The characteristics of the fluorescent light have been studied. When the primary illumination in the plane perpendicular to the field is anisotropic the sigma components are coherently excited. The light emitted along the field is then polarization-modulated. It becomes intensity-modulated if it is passed through a linear analyser. The light emitted obliquely to the magnetic field is intensity-modulated without passing through an analyser. The amplitudes of these modulations show resonance behaviour under the application of an additional static field parallel to the oscillating field. The polarization-modulated light was used to excite resonance fluorescence in a second cell of mercury vapour. The fluorescent light is intensity-modulated. The amplitude of modulation shows resonance behaviour when harmonics of the driving frequency coincide with Zeeman intervals in the excited atoms. These resonances have been explored in detail. They are satisfactorily interpreted by a theory given in an accompanying paper.
Following (i) a sharp step or (ii) a pulse of applied magnetic field, the resonance fluorescence of an atomic vapour exposed to steady linearly polarized resonance radiation undergoes transient behaviour until a new steady state is reached; the form of the transient will be (i) modulation of the intensity with an exponential envelope, or (ii) simple exponential decay. From the modulation period the gJ value of the excited state is obtained. From the exponential decay the lifetime for the relaxation of atomic alignment is obtained directly. The technique, applied to the 63P1 state of mercury, gives 117.4+or-1.0 ns for the natural mean life.
Abstract It is known that the fluorescence of mercury vapour can be excited by absorption in the region λ 1850, situated near the resonance line 1 1S0- 1 1P1, and in the region of band absorption λ 2345. It can also be excited by absorption in the region of the resonance line 1 1S0— 2 3P1 2536.52. In this latter case it has, I believe, been generally supposed that fluorescence is not obtained unless excitation is fairly close to the resonance line. Thus Prings-heim and Terenin found that a hot mercury lamp (punktlampe of Heraeus) or an overloaded ordinary 220-volt mercury lamp does not give band fluorescence of any kind. In the hot lamp the core of the resonance line is removed by self reversal. It is, however, well known that unexcited mercury vapour has an absorption band beginning near the resonance line 2537, and extending, if the vapour is dense, to a distance of some hundreds of Ångstroms towards longer waves. The question arises whether this absorption is accompanied by fluorescent emission or not.