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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Textures and Non-Abelian Vortices in Atomic d-Wave Paired Fermi Condensates

Hiroki M. Adachi, Yasumasa Tsutsumi, Jukka A. M. Huhtamäki, Kazushige Machida

Published Nov 13, 2009• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the fundamental properties of superfluids with d -wave pairing symmetry. We consider neutral atomic Fermi gases in a harmonic trap, the pairing being produced by a Feshbach resonance via a d -wave interaction channel. A Ginzburg–Landau (GL) functional is constructed, which is symmetrically constrained for five component order parameters (OPs). We find OP textures in the cyclic phase and stability conditions for a non-Abelian fractional 1/3-vortex under rotation. We propose a method of creating the interesting 1/3-vortex experimentally in atomic gases by optical means.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.78.113301

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We report on the fundamental properties of superfluids with d -wave pairing symmetry. We consider neutral atomic Fermi gases in a harmonic trap, the pairing being produced by a Feshbach resonance via a d -wave interaction channel. A Ginzburg–Landau (GL) functional is constructed, which is symmetrically constrained for five component order parameters (OPs). We find OP textures in the cyclic phase and stability conditions for a non-Abelian fractional 1/3-vortex under rotation. We propose a method of creating the interesting 1/3-vortex experimentally in atomic gases by optical means.
Fundamental properties of superfluids with d-wave pairing symmetry are investigated theoretically. We consider neutral atomic Fermi gases in a harmonic trap, the Cooper pairing being produced by a Feshbach resonance via a d-wave interaction channel. A Ginzburg-Landau (GL) functional is constructed which is symmetry constrained for five component order parameters (OPs). We find stable OP textures and vortices for all the three phases which are known to be the energy minimum of the GL functional; the ferromagnetic, polar and cyclic phases both at rest and under rotation. In particular, we touch upon the stability conditions for a non-Abelian fractional 1/3-vortex in the cyclic phase under rotation. It is proposed how to create the intriguing 1/3-vortex experimentally in atomic gases via optical means.
We report on fundamental properties of superfluids with d-wave pairing symmetry. We consider neutral atomic Fermi gases in a harmonic trap, the pairing being produced by a Feshbach resonance via a d-wave interaction channel. A Ginzburg-Landau (GL) functional is constructed which is symmetry constrained for five component order parameters (OP). We find OP textures in the cyclic phase and stability conditions for a non-Abelian fractional 1/3-vortex under rotation. It is proposed how to create the intriguing 1/3-vortex experimentally in atomic gases via optical means.
In order to help detecting superfluidity, we theoretically investigate p-wave pairing superfluids in neutral Fermion atom gases confined by a three dimensimentional (3D) harmonic potential. The Ginzburg-Landau framework, which is generic for p-wave superfluids, is used to describe the order parameter spatial structure, or texture characterized by the l-vector both at rest and under rotation. The l-vector configuration is strongly contrained by the boundary condition due to a trap. It is found that the ground state textures exhibit spontaneous supercurrent at rest both cigar and pancake shape traps. The current direction depends on the trapping shape. Under rotation a pair of half-quantum vortex with half-winding number enters a system and is stabilized for both trap geometries. We give detailed explanation for their 3D structure. The deformations of the condensate shape are seen with increasing the rotation speed, which is tightly connected with the underlying vortex formation where the condensates are depressed in the vortex core.
Based on the Ginzburg-Landau framework, we find that ppp-wave superfluids of neutral atom gases in three-dimensional harmonic traps exhibit spontaneous mass current at rest with direction dependent on trap geometry. Under rotation, various types of order parameter textures are stabilized including Mermin-Ho and Anderson-Toulouse-Chechetkin vortices. In a cigar shape trap, spontaneous current flows parallel to the rotation axis and thus perpendicular to the ordinary rotational current. The spontaneous mass current at rest and texture formation can be used to investigate ppp-wave superfluidity.
The stability conditions for the singular vortex which accompanies Majorana zero modes at the core are investigated for p-wave resonant superfluids of atomic Fermi gases. Within the Ginzburg-Landau framework we determine the stable conditions in the parameter space for the external rotation frequency and the harmonic trap frequency. There exists the narrow stable region in this parameter space for quasi-two-dimensional condensates. We also describe the detailed characterizations of the spatial structure of the order parameter in the chiral p-wave superfluids under rotation.
We consider a superfluid of trapped fermionic atoms and study the single vortex solution in the Ginzburg-Landau regime. We define simple analytical estimates for the main characteristics of the system, such as the vortex core size, temperature regimes for the existence of a vortex, and the effects of rotation and interactions with normal fermions. The parameter dependence of the vortex core size (healing length) is found to be essentially different from that of the healing length in metallic superconductors or in trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensation in the Thomas-Fermi limit. This is an indication of the importance of the confining geometry for the properties of fermionic superfluids.