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Physical Review A

Reply to “Comment on ‘Nonadiabatic dynamics of atoms in nonuniform magnetic fields’ ”

Vyacheslav I. Yukalov

Published Jul 1, 1999• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Nonadiabatic dynamics of neutral atoms in nonuniform magnetic fields, typical of quadrupole magnetic traps, has been considered in my earlier paper [V. I. Yukalov, Phys. Rev. A 56, 5004 (1997)]. The main result of this paper is that an unusual semiconfining regime of motion was found, when atoms are confined from one side of an axis, but are not confined from another side. The author of the Comment [V. E. Shapiro, Phys. Rev. A 60, 719 (1999)] expressed doubts on the validity of this result, advancing several concrete questions. In the present reply I answer all of these questions and show that they do not invalidate the possibility of realizing the semiconfining regime of motion.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.60.721

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Nonadiabatic dynamics of atoms in nonuniform magnetic fields

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Dynamics of neutral atoms in nonuniform magnetic fields, typical of quadrupole magnetic traps, is considered by applying an accurate method for solving nonlinear systems of differential equations. This method is more general than the adiabatic approximation and, thus, permits one to check the limits of the latter and also to analyze nonadiabatic regimes of motion. An unusual nonadiabatic regime is found when atoms are confined from one side of the $z$ axis but are not confined from another side. The lifetime of atoms in a trap in this semiconfining regime can be sufficiently long for accomplishing experiments with a cloud of such atoms. At low temperature, the cloud is ellipsoidal, being stretched in the axial direction and moving along the $z$ axis. The possibility of employing the semiconfining regime for studying the relative motion of one component through another in a binary mixture of gases is discussed.

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Comment on “Ultracold plasma expansion in quadrupole magnetic field”

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Bronin et al. [Phys. Rev. E 108, 045209 (2023)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.108.045209] recently reported molecular-dynamics simulations of ultracold neutral plasmas expanding in a quadrupole magnetic field. While the main results are in agreement with prior experimental measurements, we present data showing oscillations not captured in the simulations of Bronin et al. Plasmas formed using pulsed or continuous-wave ionization processes have similar confinement times.

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Reply to “Comment on ‘Collective effects and trapping states by a quantum-trajectory treatment of micromaser dynamics’ ”

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Reply to “Comment on ‘Ultracold plasma expansion in quadrupole magnetic field' ”

Sergey Ya. Bronin, Evgenii Vladimirovich Vikhrov, B. B. Zelener +1 more

In this Reply, we respond to the Comment by Schlitters et al. on our recent work [Phys. Rev. E 108, 045209 (2023)10.1103/PhysRevE.108.045209], where we present simulation results of ultracold Sr plasma expansion in a quadrupole magnetic field using a molecular-dynamics method. In the Comment, Schlitters et al. present their experimental results, some of which, from their point of view, contradict our simulation results and others that confirm the experiments of Gorman et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 085002 (2021)10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.085002] and our results. In addition, Schlitters et al. also provide results that were not described in our work. Here we show that there is not a contradiction but a misunderstanding of our results. This is due to the fact that simulations allow the use of processing methods that are difficult to obtain in experiment. We also present different simulation results related to expansion velocity variations that reflect the experimental results of Schlitters et al. and provide an explanation for the origin of these variations.

Physical review. E•Aug 21, 2024•1 citation

Rotating magnetic quadrupole field traps for neutral atoms

V. E. Shapiro

Methods of trapping neutral spin-polarized particles are proposed using highly nonuniform magnetic fields rotating at low frequencies, down to the resonance of the particle's orbiting motion. Such fields beget new trapping mechanisms of vast possibilities. The new resonance methods and the new traps of zero-size equilibrium orbit should give much tighter and more stable confinement than previously known. They also give the possibility of a high, resonance selectivity in magnetic separation and evaporative cooling. A general analysis of trapping with rotating fields is given.

Physical Review A•Aug 1, 1996•4 citations
Nonadiabatic dynamics of neutral atoms in nonuniform magnetic fields, typical of quadrupole magnetic traps, has been considered in my earlier paper [V. I. Yukalov, Phys. Rev. A 56, 5004 (1997)]. The main result of this paper is that an unusual semiconfining regime of motion was found, when atoms are confined from one side of an axis, but are not confined from another side. The author of the Comment [V. E. Shapiro, Phys. Rev. A 60, 719 (1999)] expressed doubts on the validity of this result, advancing several concrete questions. In the present reply I answer all of these questions and show that they do not invalidate the possibility of realizing the semiconfining regime of motion.
Dynamics of neutral atoms in nonuniform magnetic fields, typical of quadrupole magnetic traps, is considered by applying an accurate method for solving nonlinear systems of differential equations. This method is more general than the adiabatic approximation and, thus, permits one to check the limits of the latter and also to analyze nonadiabatic regimes of motion. An unusual nonadiabatic regime is found when atoms are confined from one side of the zzz axis but are not confined from another side. The lifetime of atoms in a trap in this semiconfining regime can be sufficiently long for accomplishing experiments with a cloud of such atoms. At low temperature, the cloud is ellipsoidal, being stretched in the axial direction and moving along the zzz axis. The possibility of employing the semiconfining regime for studying the relative motion of one component through another in a binary mixture of gases is discussed.
The problem of creating well-collimated beams of atoms escaping from a trap is studied. This problem is of high importance for the realization of atom lasers. Nonadiabatic dynamics of neutral atoms in nonuniform magnetic fields, typical of quadrupole magnetic traps, has been considered. The main result of this report is that an unusual semiconfining regime of motion is found, when atoms are confined from one side of an axis but are not confined from another side. This regime can be achieved by means of only magnetic fields. The formed atomic beam can be forwarded in arbitrary direction.
In this Reply, we respond to the Comment by Schlitters et al. on our recent work [Phys. Rev. E 108, 045209 (2023)10.1103/PhysRevE.108.045209], where we present simulation results of ultracold Sr plasma expansion in a quadrupole magnetic field using a molecular-dynamics method. In the Comment, Schlitters et al. present their experimental results, some of which, from their point of view, contradict our simulation results and others that confirm the experiments of Gorman et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 085002 (2021)10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.085002] and our results. In addition, Schlitters et al. also provide results that were not described in our work. Here we show that there is not a contradiction but a misunderstanding of our results. This is due to the fact that simulations allow the use of processing methods that are difficult to obtain in experiment. We also present different simulation results related to expansion velocity variations that reflect the experimental results of Schlitters et al. and provide an explanation for the origin of these variations.
Methods of trapping neutral spin-polarized particles are proposed using highly nonuniform magnetic fields rotating at low frequencies, down to the resonance of the particle's orbiting motion. Such fields beget new trapping mechanisms of vast possibilities. The new resonance methods and the new traps of zero-size equilibrium orbit should give much tighter and more stable confinement than previously known. They also give the possibility of a high, resonance selectivity in magnetic separation and evaporative cooling. A general analysis of trapping with rotating fields is given.