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Applied Physics Letters

Surface wave memory correlator with optical write-in

S. Takada, K. Hoh, Hisao Hayakawa, Yozo Tokumaru

Published Oct 1, 1976• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A surface wave memory device in which a light pulse emitted from a GaAs laser diode is used to store surface wave signals is described. The storage of 87-MHz surface wave signals in surface states in silicon is obtained by using a light pulse with a duration of 0.5 nsec. Pulse compression experiments are also demonstrated by storing linear FM chirp signals with this method.

DOI
10.1063/1.89117

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arXiv:1509.03145•Physical Review A•Apr 8, 2016•19 citations
A surface wave memory device in which a light pulse emitted from a GaAs laser diode is used to store surface wave signals is described. The storage of 87-MHz surface wave signals in surface states in silicon is obtained by using a light pulse with a duration of 0.5 nsec. Pulse compression experiments are also demonstrated by storing linear FM chirp signals with this method.
We demonstrate that temporally long laser pulses with appropriate phase modulation can replace either temporally brief or frequency-chirped pulses in a time-domain optical memory to store and retrieve information. A 1.65-µs-long write pulse was biphase modulated according to the 13-bit Barker code for storing multiple bits of optical data into a Pr(3+):YAlO(3) crystal, and the stored information was later recalled faithfully by using a read pulse that was identical to the write pulse. Our results further show that the stored data cannot be retrieved faithfully if mismatched write and read pulses are used. This finding opens up the possibility of designing encrypted optical memories for secure data storage.
We propose a novel approach to time-domain storage of serial optical data. In this approach, two identical impulse- equivalent sequences are used as write and read pulses to store and later retrieve optical information. These pulse sequences are both amplitude- and phase-modulated in such a way that their autocorrelations resemble, as closely as theoretically possible, the autocorrelation of a single large brief pulse to ensure faithful data retrieval. Such impulse-equivalent sequences are known to exist for all lengths, permitting the storage of large bandwidth data. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we have successfully stored a 42-microsecond long stream containing 420 bits of data in a 40-MHz spectral channel in a Eu3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. The stored data was repeatedly recalled for up to eight times with high signal fidelity, showing no measurable sidelobe-induced noise.
Increasing traffic on the Internet demands faster optical transmission networks. Future high-speed communication networks may rely largely on all-optical components that are intrinsically faster than their electronic counterparts. To achieve such networks, however, one needs to overcome a number of obstacles that exist at levels from devices to systems. For example, the lack of all-optical memory for storing optical data remains a bottleneck in modern optical information networks.1 There has been substantial progress in addressing this problem using spatial-spectral holography in systems that operate at cryogenic temperatures2 or stored light based on electromagnetically induced transparency, where optical information is impressed upon internal degrees of freedom of an ensemble of atoms or ions.3 Both of these methods, however, are limited to operating at the resonance wavelength of the ions or atoms used. These limitations have recently been partially overcome using a dynamically controlled resonator in which a single optical pulse was stored for ∼100ps.4 We recently presented a different approach: a simple storedlight approach5 in which optical pulse information is transferred onto a slowly moving hypersonic wave (∼1/40,000 of the light speed) in an optical fiber and converted back at a later time through stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) as illustrated in Figure 1. In the storage process, optical data pulses (of carrier frequency ν0) interact with a counterpropagating short intense ‘write’ pulse (of carrier frequency ν0 + νB, where νB is the Brillouin frequency shift of the fiber). The optical data pulses become depleted as energy is shifted to a hypersonic wave in the fiber. In the retrieval process, a short intense ‘read’ pulse at the same frequency as the ‘write’ pulse depletes the acoustic wave and releases the data back to the original optical frequency, thereby generating a replica of the incident data pulses. This stored-light approach has advantages such as room-temperature Figure 1. Stimulated Brillouin scattering allows data storage in an optical fiber. In the storage process, (a) optical data pulses interact with a ‘write’ pulse . (b) The optical data pulses become depleted as the information shifts to an acoustic wave in the fiber. To retrieve the data, (c) a ‘read’ pulse depletes the acoustic wave, (d) generating a replica of the original data pulses.5
Optical buffer memory for 10-Gb/s data signal is demonstrated experimentally using a polarization bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The optical buffer memory is based on an optical AND gate function and the polarization bistability of the VCSEL. Fast AND gate operation responsive to 50-ps-width optical pulses is achieved experimentally by increasing the detuning frequency between an injection light into the VCSEL and a lasing light from the VCSEL. A specified bit is extracted from the 10-Gb/s data signal by the fast AND gate operation and is stored as the polarization state of the VCSEL by the polarization bistability. The corresponding numerical simulations are also performed using two-mode rate equations taking into account the detuning frequency. The simulation results confirm the fast AND gate operation by increasing the detuning frequency as well as the experimental results.
We propose a novel approach to time-domain storage of serial optical data. In this approach, two identical impulse-equivalent sequences are used as write and read pulses to store and later retrieve optical information. These pulse sequences are both amplitude and phase modulated in such a way that their autocorrelations resemble, as closely as theoretically possible, the autocorrelation of a single large brief pulse to ensure faithful data retrieval. Such impulse-equivalent sequences are known to exist for all lengths, permitting the storage of large-bandwidth data. The advantages of this approach include modest laser power requirement, high signal fidelity, and encrypted recording.
We demonstrate a solid-state spin-wave optical memory based on stopped light in a spectral hole. A long-lived narrow spectral hole is created by optical pumping in the inhomogeneous absorption profile of a Pr3+:Y2SiO5{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}Pr3+:Y2​SiO5​ crystal. Optical pulses sent through the spectral hole experience a strong reduction of their group velocity and are spatially compressed in the crystal. A short Raman pulse transfers the optical excitation to the spin state before the light pulse exits the crystal, effectively stopping the light. After a controllable delay, a second Raman pulse is sent, which leads to the emission of the stored photons. We reach storage and retrieval efficiencies for bright pulses of up to 3939%39 in a 5-mm-long crystal. We also show that our device works at the single-photon level by storing and retrieving $3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$-long weak coherent pulses with efficiencies up to 3131%31, demonstrating the most efficient spin-wave solid-state optical memory at the single-photon level so far. We reach an unconditional noise level of $(9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ photons per pulse in a detection window of $4\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$, leading to a signal-to-noise ratio of $33\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4$ for an average input photon number of 1, making our device promising for long-lived storage of nonclassical light.