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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Spinor Analysis Calculation of the Spin Correlation of the Two-Dimensional Ising Model

Yoshiaki Tanaka

Published Sep 15, 1997• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For the Ising model on the two-dimensional lattice with M × N lattice sites ( M is a finite number; N →∞), a new method is presented by which the two-spin correlations at arbitrary distances are evaluated exactly. We make use of spinor analysis, which was employed by Kaufman and Onsager. The zero-field magnetic susceptibility χ 0 that is equal to the sum of all the two-spin correlations, is calculated.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.66.2647

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Physical review. B, Solid state•Jan 1, 1976•694 citations
For the Ising model on the two-dimensional lattice with M × N lattice sites ( M is a finite number; N →∞), a new method is presented by which the two-spin correlations at arbitrary distances are evaluated exactly. We make use of spinor analysis, which was employed by Kaufman and Onsager. The zero-field magnetic susceptibility χ 0 that is equal to the sum of all the two-spin correlations, is calculated.
We employ the spinor analysis method to evaluate exact expressions of spin-spin correlation functions of the two-dimensional rectangular Ising model on a finite lattice, special process enables us to actually carry out the calculation process. We first present some exact expressions of correlation functions of the model with periodic-periodic boundary conditions on a finite lattice. The corresponding forms in the thermodynamic limit are presented, which show the short-range order. Then, we present the exact expression of the correlation function of the two farthest pair of spins in a column of the model with periodic-free boundary conditions on a finite lattice. Again, the corresponding form in the thermodynamic limit is discussed, from which the long-range order clearly emerges as the temperature decreases.
With the use of a rigorous relation of the correlations in the Ising spin system, an approach to the exact magnetic susceptibility of the two-dimensional Ising antiferromagnet has been attempted. The zero-field magnetic susceptibilities for the rectangular as well as the square antiferromagnets are shown to be expressed in terms of finite near-spin correlations. With some decoupling approximations for many-spin correlations, the result for the square antiferromagnet by the present method is proved to be within 0.35% from that of the series expansion.
We calculate the two-point correlation function and magnetic susceptibility in the anisotropic 2D Ising model on a lattice with one infinite and the other finite dimension, along which periodic boundary conditions are imposed. Using exact expressions for a part of lattice form factors, we propose the formulas for arbitrary spin matrix elements, thus providing a possibility to compute all multipoint correlation functions in the anisotropic Ising model on cylindrical and toroidal lattices. The scaling limit of the corresponding expressions is also analyzed.
We compute exactly the spin-spin correlation functions $〈{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0,0}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{M,N}〉$ for the two-dimensional Ising model on a square lattice in zero magnetic field for T>TcT>{T}_{c}T>Tc​ and T<TcT<{T}_{c}T<Tc​. We then analyze the correlation functions in the scaling limit $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{c},{M}^{2}+{N}^{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ such that $(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c})$ is fixed. In this scaling limit $〈{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0,0}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{M,N}〉={R}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{4}}{F}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(t)+{R}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{5}{4}}{F}_{1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(t)+o({R}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{5}{4}})$, where ttt is the scaling variable $\frac{R}{\ensuremath{\xi}}$ and ${F}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(t)$ and ${F}_{1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(t)$ are the scaling functions ($\ensuremath{\xi}$ is the correlation length). We derive exact expressions for these scaling functions, in terms of a Painlev\'e function of the third kind and analyze both the small- and large-ttt behavior. A table of values for ${F}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(t)$ (good to ten significant digits) is also given. As an application we computer the coefficients ${C}_{0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and ${C}_{1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ in the expansion ${k}_{B}T\ensuremath{\chi}(T)={C}_{0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{|1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{T}_{c}}{T}|}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{7}{4}}+{C}_{1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{|1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{T}_{c}}{T}|}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{4}}+O(1)$ of the zero-field susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$ as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{c}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$.