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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Multiple spontaneous emissions and interference effects in resonance fluorescence

S. Swain

Published Nov 11, 1975• 53 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A QED calculation of the resonance fluorescence spectra of a two-level atom in a strong, nearly resonant field, is reported, taking into account multiple spontaneous emissions (in any order) and interference effects. The results of this calculation are compared with the results of the quantum statistical theories, and the role of the elementary processes analysed. At resonance, in the high-field limit, the exact agreement of the QED and statistical theories is demonstrated. It is pointed out that the interference effects are of the greatest importance.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/8/16/012

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A QED calculation of the resonance fluorescence spectra of a two-level atom in a strong, nearly resonant field, is reported, taking into account multiple spontaneous emissions (in any order) and interference effects. The results of this calculation are compared with the results of the quantum statistical theories, and the role of the elementary processes analysed. At resonance, in the high-field limit, the exact agreement of the QED and statistical theories is demonstrated. It is pointed out that the interference effects are of the greatest importance.
An investigation is made of the influence of quantum interference processes accompanying radiative relaxation of excited states on the population dynamics, total intensity, and spectra of the resonance fluorescence of three-level V -type atoms. Analytic expressions are obtained for the total intensity and spectra of the resonance fluorescence taking into account the off-diagonal nature of the radiative relaxation operator. It is shown that quantum interference process can substantially alter the total spontaneous emission intensity of the atoms and the population dynamics of the atomic levels, as well as the resonance fluorescence spectra.
We consider the possible physical processes that may arise in a three-level atom when only two of its levels interact with a strong electromagnetic field and when the atomic transition frequency is nearly equal to once and twice the frequency of the laser field, respectively. There have been found pronounced cooperative effects in the spectrum of the two-level system, which is in resonance with the laser field, arising from the presence of the third level. The excitation spectra describing the transitions from the first excited state into the second excited state and from that to the ground state consist, apart from the two central peaks, of two pairs of sidebands which are induced by the laser field of the neighbouring system. Detailed expressions of the spectral functions for the physical processes of one- and two-photon resonance fluorescence have been derived and discussed in the limit of high photon densities. The excitation spectrum of the low frequency modes has been considered and discussed in detail. It is found that quantum beats in spontaneous emission may appear in the spectra of the one- and two-photon resonance fluorescence arising from the interference between the two atomic transition frequencies and the frequency of the laser field. The importance of the low frequency modes that occur in the processes in question has been pointed out.
We discuss quantum interference effects in the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a \ensuremath{\Lambda} three-level atom when the lower-level doublet is driven by a coherent field. The interfering pathways that lead to the same final state involve both spontaneous decays and stimulated transitions, and differ from one another by an odd number of stimulated processes induced by the driving field. As a consequence, the interference structures depend upon the phase of the coherent field, an effect that is absent in other resonance fluorescence phenomena. The phase dependence of the quantum interference contribution is especially significant when the level splitting of the driven doublet is comparable to the spontaneous decay rates of the competing optical paths.
We study the resonance fluorescence from a coherently driven four-level atom in the Y-type configuration. The effects of quantum interference induced by spontaneous emission on the fluorescence properties of the atom are investigated. It is found that the quantum interference resulting from cascade emission decays of the atom leads to a splitting of resonances in the excited-level populations calculated as a function of light detuning. For some parameters, interference-assisted enhancement of inner sidebands and narrowing of central peaks may also occur in the fluorescence spectrum. We present a physical understanding of our numerical results using the dressed-state description of the atom-light interaction.
A dressed-atom approach to resonance fluorescence in intense laser fields is presented. Simple and general results are derived which include the now well known predictions concerning two-level atoms but are not restricted to such simple cases. The positions of the various components of the fluorescence and absorption spectra are given by the allowed Bohr frequencies of the total system: atom+laser mode (dressed atom). The master equation, describing spontaneous emission from the dressed atom is solved in the limit of high intensities. Simple expressions, taking into account the effect of cascades, are derived for the widths of the components.