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Optics Letters

Narrow resonances observed with nearly degenerate light in an open two-level system

Euclydes Marega Jr., Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato, Sérgio Carlos Zílio

Published Oct 15, 1993• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report the observation of narrow resonances in the optical region by using the method of separated oscillatory fields in an atomic beam. Because of optical pumping, two nearly degenerate optical fields create a time-dependent modulation of the ground-state population, which interferes with the optical fields in a second region, resulting in a fringe pattern. The width and shape of the observed fringes are the same as those observed with the usual Ramsey method, although no coherence between the two levels under investigation is needed.

DOI
10.1364/ol.18.001751

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We report the observation of narrow resonances in the optical region by using the method of separated oscillatory fields in an atomic beam. Because of optical pumping, two nearly degenerate optical fields create a time-dependent modulation of the ground-state population, which interferes with the optical fields in a second region, resulting in a fringe pattern. The width and shape of the observed fringes are the same as those observed with the usual Ramsey method, although no coherence between the two levels under investigation is needed.
Spectroscopic features revealing the coherent interaction of a degenerate two-level atomic system with two optical fields are examined. A model for the numerical calculation of the response of a degenerate two-level system to the action of an arbitrarily intense resonant pump field and a weak probe in the presence of a magnetic field is presented. The model is valid for arbitrary values of the total angular momentum of the lower and upper levels and for any choice of the polarizations of the optical waves. Closed and open degenerate two-level systems are considered. Predictions for probe absorption and dispersion, field generation by four-wave-mixing, population modulation and Zeeman optical pumping are derived. On all these observables, sub-natural-width coherence resonances are predicted and their spectroscopic features are discussed. Experimental spectra for probe absorption and excited state population modulation in the D2 line of Rb vapor are presented in good agreement with the calculations
Spectroscopic features revealing the coherent interaction of a degenerate two-level atomic system with two optical fields are examined. A model for the numerical calculation of the response of a degenerate two-level system to the action of an arbitrarily intense resonant pump field and a weak probe in the presence of a magnetic field is presented. The model is valid for arbitrary values of the total angular momentum of the lower and upper levels and for any choice of the polarizations of the optical waves. Closed and open degenerate two-level systems are considered. Predictions for probe absorption and dispersion, field generation by four-wave mixing, population modulation, and Zeeman optical pumping are derived. On all these observables, subnatural-width coherence resonances are predicted and their spectroscopic features are discussed. Experimental spectra for probe absorption and excited-state population modulation in the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of Rb vapor are presented in good agreement with the calculations.
The effects of velocity-selective optical pumping in nearly degenerate four-wave mixing are studied using a model in which the radiation fields interact with ``three-level'' atoms in the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration. The conditions under which it is possible to observe resonances characterized by an effective ground-state width are explored. It is shown that saturation of the system by optical pumping can lead to the disappearance of these narrow resonances in some limiting cases.
We study phase-conjugate degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in an optically pumped, two-level atomic system (the 3s2S1∕23s\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1∕2}3s2S1∕2​, F=2F=2F=2, ${m}_{F}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3∕2}$, F=3F=3F=3, mF=3{m}_{F}=3mF​=3 transition in a diffuse, collision-free, thermal beam of sodium) using phase-modulated laser beams. In this investigation, we study the detailed line shape of the four-wave mixing signal as a function of the temporal delay between the probe field and the pump fields at different intensities of the cw pump waves and modulation frequencies. We show that phase modulation of the pump and probe beams leads to strong amplitude modulation of the phase-conjugate beam and report excellent agreement between our experimental observations of the DFWM spectra and the results of numerical calculations. Our numerical results suggest an enhancement of the ``local'' DFWM signal when the sidebands of the phase-modulated laser are resonant with dressed-state transitions, but that this resonance is less obvious in the total signal generated. We also show that the complex line shapes depend sensitively upon the delay of the probe beam, with the peak DFWM signal occurring when the probe beam is advanced compared to the pump beam.
The linewidth of CPT atomic resonances observed in a vapor cell are usually limited by optical saturation and collisions due to buffer gas. We have applied here the Ramsey method with optical CPT pulses generated by a phase-locked device. Fringes are then produced giving narrow atomic signals only dependent on interrogation time between the two pulses. The possibility to obtain narrow fringe widths below 100 Hz with short or long pulses is shown experimentally and analysed using the classical Schrodinger state representation.