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Modern Physics Letters A

QUANTUM FIELD THEORY OF ORTHOFERMIONS AND ORTHOBOSONS

A.K. MISHRA, G. Rajasekaran

Published Nov 30, 1992• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We construct the quantum field theory of particles obeying new kinds of quantum statistics, called orthofermi and orthobose statistics. For the orthofermions (orthobosons), the wave function is antisymmetric (symmetric) in one set of indices while no particular symmetry is required for the other set of indices. Nonrelativistic as well as relativistic quantum Held theories with interaction are constructed.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732392002834

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We construct the quantum field theory of particles obeying new kinds of quantum statistics, called orthofermi and orthobose statistics. For the orthofermions (orthobosons), the wave function is antisymmetric (symmetric) in one set of indices while no particular symmetry is required for the other set of indices. Nonrelativistic as well as relativistic quantum Held theories with interaction are constructed.
Orthofermi statistics is characterized by an exclusion principle which is more “exclusive” than Pauli’s exclusion principle: an orbital state shall not contain more than one particle, no matter what the spin direction is. The wavefunction is antisymmetric in spatial indices alone with arbitrary symmetry in the spin indices. Orthobose statistics is corresponding Bose analog: the wavefunction is symmetric in spatial indices, with arbitrary symmetry in spin indices. We construct the quantum field theory of particles obeying these new kinds of quantum statistics. Non-relativistic as well as relativistic quantum field theories with interactions are considered.
Orthofermi statistics is characterized by an exclusion principle which is more ``exclusive'' than Pauli's exclusion principle: an orbital state shall not contain more than one particle, no matter what the spin direction is. The wavefunction is antisymmetric in spatial indices alone with arbitrary symmetry in the spin indices. Orthobose statistics is corresponding Bose analog: the wavefunction is symmetric in spatial indices, with arbitrary symmetry in spin indices. We construct the quantum field theory of particles obeying these new kinds of quantum statistics. Non-relativistic as well as relativistic quantum field theories with interactions are considered.
Conventional proofs of the spin–statistics theorem either use relativistic quantum field theory or concern field theory solitons. We here construct new proofs of this theorem for spinning particles. They are extensions of previous work on spinless particles and require neither relativity nor field theory. They do, however, assume certain continuity conditions involving the existence of antiparticles. Non-Abelian statistics, such as parastatistics and braid statistics of order 2 or more, are excluded in our framework.
Abstract Two concepts, of fundamental importance to quantum mechanics, will be discussed in this chapter. The first is that of symmetry. Even though the concept of symmetry is familiar in a wide range of natural sciences, the way symmetry constrains the consequences of quantum mechanics is rather subtle and, at the same time, far-reaching. The second is the symmetry property of the states under the exchange of two identical particles. Identical particles with a half-integer spin (fermions) obey the Fermi–Dirac statistics: the wave functions are totally antisymmetric under the exchange of the particles. Identical particles with an integer spin (bosons) are instead subject to the Bose–Einstein statistics. Their wave functions are totally symmetric.
Nothing can be made out of nothing. William Shakespeare , King Lear Historically, quantization of the motion of particles was developed first. The state was described by a wave function and observables by operators. When dealing with interactions between particles and fields, such as the electromagnetic field, the fields were treated classically. Classical field equations look like the quantum mechanical equations for the wave function of the field quanta. For example, the Klein–Gordon classical field equation is similar to the quantum mechanical wave equation for a relativistic spinless particle. Quantizing the fields, leading to quantum field theory, appears to be quantizing a theory that has already been quantized; hence the name “second quantization.” In reality, there is only one quantization and one quantum theory. The method of second quantization is important in the study of many-particle systems. It enables us to express many-body operators in terms of creation and annihilation operators, thus rendering calculations less cumbersome. Moreover, the method makes it possible to treat systems with a variable number of particles; that is why the method initially emerged in the context of quantum field theory. In Chapter 1 we indicated that any one-particle wave function may be expanded in a complete set of states. In this chapter, we show that products of single-particle states, when properly symmetrized, form an orthonormal basis for the expansion of the wave function of an N -particle system.