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Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings)

A New Approach to Tunneling

L. Yunpeng

Published Sep 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new numerical algorithm for tunneling is presented. This algorithm can be used to analyse an onedimensional\npotential barrier with an arbitrary profile. It is able to calculate not only the transmission coefficient\naccurately, but also the phases of the transmitted and reflected waves. Using the Schrodinger equation and plane waves,\nwe introduce a tunneling matrix to relate the transmitted and incident wave functions. Thus the transmission coefficient\nand phase can be calculated from the tunneling matrix.To test the accuracy of this algorithm,we calculate the transmission\ncoefficients and phases for a double -barrier (resonant tunneling) and a triangular barrier (field emission), and\nmake comparisous with corresponding analytical values. It shows that this algorithm is fast, accurate and efficient.

DOI
10.1051/jp4:1996507

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A new numerical algorithm for tunneling is presented. This algorithm can be used to analyse an onedimensional\npotential barrier with an arbitrary profile. It is able to calculate not only the transmission coefficient\naccurately, but also the phases of the transmitted and reflected waves. Using the Schrodinger equation and plane waves,\nwe introduce a tunneling matrix to relate the transmitted and incident wave functions. Thus the transmission coefficient\nand phase can be calculated from the tunneling matrix.To test the accuracy of this algorithm,we calculate the transmission\ncoefficients and phases for a double -barrier (resonant tunneling) and a triangular barrier (field emission), and\nmake comparisous with corresponding analytical values. It shows that this algorithm is fast, accurate and efficient.
A simle numerical method of calculating transmission coefficients across arbitrary potentials is presented by using the combination of a transfer matrix procedure and the solution of the wave functions in arbitrary potentials.This method is applied to a parabolic potential and a double barrier potential in an electric field.The transmission coefficients calculated are in agreement with those obtained using a multistep potential approximation.The wave functions at the resonant states are also given for the two examples.
A simple, yet accurate, method of solving the Schrödinger equation across an arbitrary potential barrier is described, based on the analytic transfer-matrix technique. This paper gives the final analytical expression for the transmission probability. Numerical calculations for four typical potential barrier structures are compared with the traditional WKB, modified WKB and the modified Airy function (MAF) methods. Excellent agreement with an exact example is demonstrated. Most importantly, in cases where other potential-barrier methods fail, our method performs well.
The comprehension of the tunnel effect, the passage of matter waves and particles across a high potential barrier, was the most astounding of all discoveries in quantum mechanics. Research on tunnelling in semiconductors and superconductors, as well as the development of scanning tunnelling microscopy, garnered five Nobel prizes in physics. In this study, the resonant tunnelling effect of electron tunnelling through a one-dimensional double-potential barrier was found and verified by solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation and calculating the transmittance rate of the electron tunnelling through the two potential barriers by using the transmission matrix technique performed by MATLAB. According to the analysis, the transmittance rate was one under certain specific conditions (under some specific incident energy values or some specific distance between two potential barriers), which was called as resonant tunnelling. However, in this study, square potential wells were analyzed, which can be considered merely as ideal models in real life, and therefore all results are idealized. For further investigations, researchers can use more realistic parameters to set up potential wells and analyze real-life problems.
The resonant tunneling of a wave packet is studied, for a one-dimensional double barrier, by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The transmission is determined as a function of the spatial width of the incident wave packet. It is shown that if the double barrier acts as an energy filter, then the spatial width of the transmitted wave packet is increased, due to the trapping of the particle between the two barriers for a time, ℏ/Γ, where Γ is the width of the resonance. The reflected wave packet consists of two components: one corresponding to reflection from the first barrier and the other due to the particle being trapped between the barriers for a time ℏ/Γ.
Based on the similarity between time-independent Schrodinger equation and Helmholtz equation, the analytical transfer matrix method was utilized to analyze macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, and the potential filed and eigenvalue were corresponded to the refractive index and propagation constant, respectively.Without solving the Schrodinger equation and any approximation,the exact analytic expressions of reflection coefficient and reflection probability of the particle were obtained.Initial results show the equations obtained here are exact and have clear physical meanings.It is expected to be applied in the researches of many basic quantum phenomena,such as quantum tunneling effect,quantum reflection, quantum particles and tunneling resonance.