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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Beyond classical limits by exploiting quantum light : a short review of INRIM results

G. Brida, Ivo Pietro Degiovanni, Marco Genovese, E. D. Lopaeva, Alice Meda, Ivano Ruo Berchera

Published Jun 10, 2013• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum properties of light and, in particular, quantum correlations have recently disclosed the possibility of realising protocols addressed to overcome limits of classical imaging, a field collectively christened quantum imaging. In particular quantum correlations between twin beams represent a fundamental resource for these studies. Here we present three experimental applications of these properties.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/442/1/012022

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Quantum properties of light and, in particular, quantum correlations have recently disclosed the possibility of realising protocols addressed to overcome limits of classical imaging, a field collectively christened quantum imaging. In particular quantum correlations between twin beams represent a fundamental resource for these studies. Here we present three experimental applications of these properties.
Properties of quantum states have disclosed new and revolutionary technologies, ranging from quantum information to quantum imaging. This last field is intended to overcome the limits of classical imaging by exploiting specific properties of quantum states of light. One of the most interesting proposed schemes exploits spatial quantum correlations between twin beams for realizing sub-shot-noise imaging of weakly absorbing objects, leading ideally to a noise-free imaging. Here we discuss in detail the experimental realization of this scheme, showing its capability to reach a larger signal-to-noise ratio with respect to classical imaging methods and therefore its potential for future practical applications.
In this proceeding we discuss as quantum correlations can enhance measurements capabilities [1,2,3,6], discussing few examples as target detection in a noisy environment and holometer. The first [2] is a quantum enhanced scheme preserving a strong advantage over classical counterparts even in presence of large amount of noise and losses. Our work, inspired by [3], has been performed exploiting only photon number correlations in twin beams. Thus, for its simplicity it can find widespread use. Even more important by challenging the common believe that real application of quantum technologies is limited by fragility to noise and losses, it paves the way to their real application. Then, we describe as the same kind of correlations can find application in a completely different area of physics, i.e. in testing quantum gravity. Indeed, recently, effects in interferometers connected to noncommutativity of position variables in different directions were considered in two coupled interferometers [5], the ``holometer'' [6]. We show that the use of quantum correlated light beams could lead to significant improvements.
Abstract In previous years the possibility of creating and manipulating quantum states of light has paved the way for the development of new technologies exploiting peculiar properties of quantum states, such as quantum information, quantum metrology and sensing, quantum imaging, etc. In particular quantum imaging addresses the possibility of overcoming limits of classical optics by using quantum resources such as entanglement or sub-Poissonian statistics. Albeit, quantum imaging is a more recent field than other quantum technologies, e.g. quantum information, it is now mature enough for application. Several different protocols have been proposed, some of them only theoretically, others with an experimental implementation and a few of them pointing to a clear application. Here we present a few of the most mature protocols ranging from ghost imaging to sub shot noise imaging and sub-Rayleigh imaging.
The peculiar properties of quantum optical states represent a new resource for innovative imaging schemes, as sub shot noise imaging or quantum illumination. In particular, quantum entanglement and squeezing have significantly improved phase estimation and imaging in interferometric settings beyond the classical limits. In this proceeding, after a general introduction, I will describe part of the recent work on quantum imaging performed in INRIM concerning phase imaging and light field ghost imaging.
We present two recent results achieved in INRIM laboratories paving the way for next future commercial use of quantum imaging techniques. The first exploits non-classical photon statistics of single nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond for realising super-resolution. A little more in detail we demonstrate that the measurement of high order correlation functions allows overcoming Abbe limit. The second exploits ghost imaging in a specific case of practical interest, i.e. in measuring magnetic structures in garnets.
ABSTRACT We review our last results in the field of quantum imaging obtained at INRIM Keywords: Quantum Imaging, Entanglement, Quantum Correlations, Sub shot noise measurements 1. INTRODUCTION Quantum properties of the optical field represent a resource of the utmost relevance for the development of quantum technologies, allowing unprecedented results in disciplines ranging from quantum information and metrology to quantum imaging. In particular, in the last case various protocols have been proposed ranging from ghost imaging [1,2], to quantum illumination [3] and sub-shot-noise quantum imaging [4]. Sub-shot-noise measurements with quantum optical states (for example exploiting the quantum correlations of Parametric Down Conversion (PDC) emission) provide the possibility of the detection of weak objects, a task that could have important practical applications. A little more in detail the principle of this technique is to take advantage of the correlation in the noise of two conjugated branches of PDC emission: in fact, s ubtracting the noise measured on one branch from the image of a weak object obtained in the other branch, the image of the object, previously hidden in the noise, could be restored. A schematic implemen tation of this protocol is depicted in Figure 1. On the other hand, ghost imaging technique allows to retrieve information about the object using spatial resolution detector from light (one arm of correlated beams) that does not interact directly with the object, whereas the photons transmitted thr ough (or reflected by) the object are registered by a bucket detector, which does not resolve the shape of the object.