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Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences)

Multichannel scattering of a particle in a quantum wire of cylindrical symmetry

Д. М. Седракян, Eduard M Kazaryan, Л. Р. Седракян

Published Jan 7, 2011• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Schrödinger equation for a scattering particle in a quantum wire is considered. We discuss two geometrical forms of cross-section of the wire: the rectangular section and the cylindrical one. It is shown that scattering of the particle on an arbitrary potential V = V (x, y, z,), given in the wire, can be considered as a multichannel scattering, where the index of the channel coincides with the index which determines energy levels of the confined transverse motion of the particle. A method for determination of the amplitudes of transmission T i and reflection R i in the case of multichannel scattering is proposed. The case of two-channel scattering is considered in detail and a method for determination of the scattering amplitudes T 1, T 2 and R 1, R 2 is proposed.

DOI
10.3103/s1068337211010038

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The Schrödinger equation for a scattering particle in a quantum wire is considered. We discuss two geometrical forms of cross-section of the wire: the rectangular section and the cylindrical one. It is shown that scattering of the particle on an arbitrary potential V = V (x, y, z,), given in the wire, can be considered as a multichannel scattering, where the index of the channel coincides with the index which determines energy levels of the confined transverse motion of the particle. A method for determination of the amplitudes of transmission T i and reflection R i in the case of multichannel scattering is proposed. The case of two-channel scattering is considered in detail and a method for determination of the scattering amplitudes T 1, T 2 and R 1, R 2 is proposed.
The quasi-one-dimensional scattering of a quantum particle on the two-dimensional δ-potential is considered. Analytical expressions for multi-channel transmission t n and reflection r n amplitudes are given. The problem is solved for the case of finite number of channels that is equal to N when the particle is incident on the potential while moving in l channel. The case of three-channel scattering was examined in details. As was shown within the frameworks of this problem, the “overpopulation” of particles in the second and third channels occurs when k 2 → 0 and k 3 → 0. The location points of δ-potential that provide the complete “overpopulation” of channels were also obtained.
The immersing method is applied to solve the N-channel scattering problem. In particular, we consider the particle scattering on a multidimensional potential barrier, which is constant in the scattering direction and arbitrary in the lateral direction. For this case the scattering amplitudes t m and r m (m = 1, 2, …, N) are determined. Transition from the obtained formulas to the case of thin potential is performed. For this case analytical expressions of transmission amplitudes t m and reflection amplitudes r m are obtained. We show that the product of transmission and reflection amplitudes in the channel m does not depend on the scattering channel. It is assumed that the scattering particle falls on the potential with the longitudinal wave vector k l corresponding to the channel l.
The immersing method is applied to solve the N-channel scattering problem for concrete potential. In particular, we consider the particle scattering on a two-dimensional potential barrier, which is constant in the scattering direction and arbitrary in the cross-section direction. For this case the scattering amplitudes t m and r m (1,2, m= ...,N) are determined. A transition from the obtained formulas to the case of ™-potential is performed. For this case transmission amplitudes t m and reflection amplitudes r m are obtained. It is also shown that the product of transmission and reflection amplitudes along the channel m does not depend on the scattering channel.
Synopsis: Students are introduced to the ideas of particle scattering in quantum mechanics in a one-dimensional context. The integral Schrödinger equation is deduced using a Wronskian technique, and reflection and transmission amplitudes are defined. Several simple scattering problems are solved, and the Born series for the energy-wave function is explained. A three-dimensional spherical basis is introduced, which allows the integral Schrödinger equation in this context to be formulated. The relation between plane waves and spherical waves is found from a solution to the unit-source Helmholtz equation, again using the Wronskian technique. Partial waves, phase shifts, and cross sections are defined, and finite range scattering is considered. The chapter concludes with a consideration of identical particle scattering and an application to the proton–proton case, where a dramatic manifestation of the underlying substructure emerges at high energies.
Synopsis: Students are introduced to the ideas of particle scattering in quantum mechanics in a one-dimensional context. ƒe integral Schrödinger equation is deduced using a Wronskian technique, and reflection and transmission amplitudes are defined. Several simple scattering problems are solved, and the Born series for the energy-wave function is explained. A three-dimensional spherical basis is introduced, which allows the integral Schrödinger equation in this context to be formulated. ƒe relation between plane waves and spherical waves is found from a solution to the unit-source Helmholtz equation, again using the Wronskian technique. Partial waves, phase shifts, and cross sections are defined, and finite range scattering is considered. ƒe chapter concludes with a consideration of identical particle scattering and an application to the protonproton case, where a dramatic manifestation of the underlying substructure emerges at high energies.
The immersing method is used to solve the two-channel scattering problem in the case of concrete potential. In particular, we consider the particle scattering by a two-dimensional barrier which is constant in the scattering direction and is arbitrary in the transverse direction. For this case the scattering amplitudes t 1, t 2, r 1, and r 2 are determined. Expressions for the transmission and reflection amplitudes are obtained for the case of δ-potential. The behavior of the scattering amplitudes in the limit k 2 → 0 is studied. It is also shown that the ratio of products of transmission and reflection amplitudes for two channels does not depend on the coordinate of the middle of coordinate.