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Physical Review Letters

Polarization of Dipole Radiation in Quantum Domain

A.S. Shumovsky, Özgür Esat Müstecaplıoğlu

Published Feb 9, 1998• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For a dipole radiation, the set of generalized Stokes parameters and corresponding Stokes operators are discussed. A qualitatively new behavior of quantum fluctuations of the Stokes parameters is predicted. The possibility to check this behavior in the eight-port operational measurement is shown.
DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.80.1202

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The quantum polarization and phase properties of an electric dipole radiation are examined. It is shown that, unlike the classical picture, the quantum description of polarization needs nine independent Stokes operators, forming a representation of SU (3) sub-algebra in the Weyl-Heisenberg algebra of photons. A corresponding Cartan algebra determines the cosine and sine of the radiation phase operators. A new representation of dipole photons is proposed. The generators of the Cartan algebra are diagonal in this representation so that the corresponding number states describe the number of photons with given radiation phase. The eigenstates of the radiation phase are determined. They have a discrete spectrum and natural behaviour in the classical limit. The relation between the radiation phase, operational phases and the Pegg-Barnett approach is discussed.
In our paper we consider the behavior of both the Hermitian (observable) Stokes parameters of light and the phases difference that describes the polarization state of optical field. In general case we introduce two pairs of phase operators associated with the phase angles in 3D picture for the polarization Stokes parameters of light on the Poincare sphere. The special eight-port polarization interferometer is presented for simultaneous homodyne detection of both the Stokes parameters of light and the polarization phases and also of their fluctuations. It is shown that an anisotropic (spatio-periodically) Kerr-like nonlinear medium placed in the polarization interferometer can be used for generation and observation of the polarization-squeezed phase states of light.
The quantum theory of polarizing light and the Stokes operators are applied to the study of the evolutions of polarization states of light in the processes of i nteraction with atoms in the case with or without Kerr medium. The non_classic b ehavior in the fluctuations of Stokes parameters for the polarizing light and th eir squeezing are investigated. The polarization ellipse, the degree of polariza tion of the field in quantum optics and the signal_to_noise ratio in the Stokes parameters are discussed. It is shown that the modulated oscillations appear in the evolutions of Stokes parameters and their fluctuations. These oscillations c ollapse and revive intermittently. The polarization ellipse does not vary in the interaction with atoms but the degree of polarization will oscillate. Kerr medi um changes these oscillations distinctly.