Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Journal of Modern Physics C

Application of the SD Technique for Solving a BCS-Reduced Hubbard like Hamiltonian

Werner Fettes, I. Morgenstern, Thomas Husslein

Published Oct 1, 1997• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present exact and stochastic diagonalization results for a BCS-reduced Hubbard model. The kinetic Hamiltonian is the same as in the single band Hubbard model with additional next nearest neighbor hopping. The interaction of this model is designed to inhibit superconductivity in the d x2-y2 channel. The ground state of this model is studied by exact and stochastic diagonalization technique. We present a review of the technical details of the application of the stochastic diagonalization algorithm on this problem. To verify our results obtained with the stochastic diagonalization, they are compared with the exact diagonalization results. In order to show the convergence of the stochastic diagonalization we give a detailed analysis of the behavior of physical properties with increasing number of states. Finally we study superconductivity in this BCS-reduced Hubbard model. As an indicator of superconductivity we use the occurrence of Off Diagonal Long Range Order. We study the scaling behavior of this model for various attractive interactions and in addition the dependence of the superconducting correlation functions from the filling of the system.

DOI
10.1142/s0129183197000916

Related papers

Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order in Generalized Hubbard Models

Kristel F. L. Michielsen, Hans A. De Raedt

We present stochastic diagonalization results for the ground-state energy and the largest eigenvalue of the two-fermion density matrix of the BCS reduced Hamiltonian, the Hubbard model, and the Hubbard model with correlated hopping. The system-size dependence of this eigenvalue is used to study the existence of Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order in these models. We show that the model with correlated hopping and repulsive on-site interaction can exhibit Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order. Analytical results for some special limiting cases indicate that Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order not always implies superconductivity.

International Journal of Modern Physics B•May 10, 1997•10 citations

Finite Size Scaling in the tt'-Hubbard Model and in BCS-Reduced Hubbard Models

Werner Fettes, I. Morgenstern

With the projector quantum Monte Carlo algorithm and the stochastic diagonalization it is possible to calculate the ground state of the Hubbard model for small finite clusters. Nevertheless the usual finite size scaling of the Hubbard model has problems of deducing the behavior of the infinite system correctly from the numerical data of small system sizes. Therefore we study the finite size scaling of the superconducting correlation functions in superconducting BCS-reduced Hubbard models to analyze the finite size behavior in small finite clusters. The ground state of the BCS-reduced Hubbard models is calculated with the stochastic diagonalization without any approximations. As result of these analyses we propose a new finite size scaling ansatz for the Hubbard model, which is able describe the finite size effects in a consistent way taking the corrections to scaling into account, which are dominant for weak interaction strength and small clusters. With this new finite size scaling ansatz it is possible to give evidence for superconductivity for all interaction strengths for both the attractive tt'-Hubbard model (with s-wave symmetry) and the repulsive tt'-Hubbard model (with dx2-y2-wave symmetry).

International Journal of Modern Physics C•Oct 1, 1998•4 citations

BCS and attractive Hubbard model comparative study

Nathan Salwen, Steven A. Sheets, Stephen R. Cotanch

We extend previous studies of the (BCS) canonical approach for the attractive Hubbard model. A derivation of the BCS formulation is presented for both the Hubbard model and a simpler reduced Hamiltonian. Using direct diagonalization, exact one- and two-dimensional solutions for both Hamiltonians are compared to BCS variational calculations. Approximate and exact ground state energies and energy gaps are computed for different electron number systems as well as correlation observables not previously predicted. Reproducing published one-dimensional findings, the BCS approach is an excellent approximation for the Hubbard ground state energy but not the energy gap, a finding that remains true in two dimensions. Propagators and correlators are found more sensitive to wave functions and appreciable differences are computed with the Hubbard model exhibiting a weaker degree of superconductivity than the BCS. Even for weak coupling pronounced differences are found between the BCS and Hubbard on-site correlators. Significantly, in the extreme strong coupling limit the Hubbard model exhibits no dimensional crossover, or density induced transitions, to long-range order in two dimensions. However, for the reduced Hamiltonian the BCS approach is an excellent approximation for all observables in both one and two dimensions.

arXiv:cond-mat/0305367•Physical Review B•Aug 24, 2004•8 citations

Comparison of Calculations for the Hubbard Model Obtained with Quantum-Monte-Carlo, Exact, and Stochastic Diagonalization

Thomas Husslein, Werner Fettes, I. Morgenstern

In this paper we compare numerical results for the ground state of the Hubbard model obtained by Quantum-Monte-Carlo simulations with results from exact and stochastic diagonalizations. We find good agreement for the ground state energy and superconducting correlations for both, the repulsive and attractive Hubbard model. Special emphasis lies on the superconducting correlations in the repulsive Hubbard model, where the small magnitude of the values obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations gives rise to the question, whether these results might be caused by fluctuations or systematic errors of the method. Although we notice that the Quantum-Monte-Carlo method has convergence problems for large interactions, coinciding with a minus sign problem, we confirm the results of the diagonalization techniques for small and moderate interaction strengths. Additionally we investigate the numerical stability and the convergence of the Quantum-Monte-Carlo method in the attractive case, to study the influence of the minus sign problem on convergence. Also here in the absence of a minus sign problem we encounter convergence problems for strong interactions.

arXiv:cond-mat/9705026•International Journal of Modern Physics C•Apr 1, 1997•31 citations

Pairing in a tight-binding model with occupation-dependent hopping rate: Exact diagonalization study

H. Q. Lin, J. E. Hirsch

The Hubbard model with occupation-dependent hopping rate exhibits superconductivity in a wide range of parameters within mean-field (BCS) theory. Here we study pair binding energies in this model for small clusters by exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. The model is defined by on-site and nearest-neighbor repulsions U and V, and occupation-dependent hopping rate t(n)=t+n\ensuremath{\Delta}t. We present results for one-dimensional chains and for two-dimensional square lattices of sizes 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4, 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6, and 8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8. As a function of carrier density n the pair binding energy first increases and then decreases, and vanishes beyond a critical density. BCS results for the pair binding energy are found to be in remarkably good agreement with the exact results. In particular, BCS theory accurately reproduces the range of interaction parameters where pair binding exists in the exact solution. The model is found to exhibit no tendency to phase separation or clustering of more than two particles even for parameters giving rise to strong pair binding, in contrast to other tight-binding models where pairing occurs.

Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Dec 1, 1995•20 citations

Pseudogap and kinetic energy of unconventional superconductors described by a two-dimensional Hubbard model

Giordano Paulo da Motta

In conventional superconductors described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) Theory, the transition from the normal to the superconducting state is accompanied by a reduction in the potential energy and an increase in the kinetic energy. On the other hand, in high-temperature superconductors the potential and the kinetic energies present an unconventional behavior that may be strongly related to the pseudogap phenomena. In this work, the kinetic and potential energies in the superconducting state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model were analyzed. The model is investigated using the Green’s function method within a n-pole approximation, which allows superconductivity with dx2�����y2-wave pairing. In the present scenario, a pseudogap emerges near the anti-nodal points in the Fermi surface, when the strong coupling regime is reached. The results show that in the low doping region, the system enters the strong coupling regime and the opening of a pseudogap is followed by a decrease in the kinetic energy and an increase in the potential energy. A phase diagram of Coulomb interaction U versus the occupation nT is also presented. This phase diagram shows clearly that the pseudogap regime coincides with the strong coupling regime in which the kinetic and potential energies present an unconventional behavior. The analysis of the density of states and the chemical potential showed that the unconventional behavior of the potential and kinetic energies occurs due to the pseudogap emergence in the high occupancy region. It was also observed that the pseudogap emergence, when the occupancy increases, is preceded by a change in the Fermi surface topology, which characterizes a Lifshitz transition. Both the pseudogap and the Lifshitz transition are affected by the next-nearest neighbor hopping t2 (of the Hubbard model). This result is in accordance with recent theoretical and experimental results for the Hubbard model and the cuprates.

•Mar 30, 2020•0 citations
We present exact and stochastic diagonalization results for a BCS-reduced Hubbard model. The kinetic Hamiltonian is the same as in the single band Hubbard model with additional next nearest neighbor hopping. The interaction of this model is designed to inhibit superconductivity in the d x2-y2 channel. The ground state of this model is studied by exact and stochastic diagonalization technique. We present a review of the technical details of the application of the stochastic diagonalization algorithm on this problem. To verify our results obtained with the stochastic diagonalization, they are compared with the exact diagonalization results. In order to show the convergence of the stochastic diagonalization we give a detailed analysis of the behavior of physical properties with increasing number of states. Finally we study superconductivity in this BCS-reduced Hubbard model. As an indicator of superconductivity we use the occurrence of Off Diagonal Long Range Order. We study the scaling behavior of this model for various attractive interactions and in addition the dependence of the superconducting correlation functions from the filling of the system.
We present stochastic diagonalization results for the ground-state energy and the largest eigenvalue of the two-fermion density matrix of the BCS reduced Hamiltonian, the Hubbard model, and the Hubbard model with correlated hopping. The system-size dependence of this eigenvalue is used to study the existence of Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order in these models. We show that the model with correlated hopping and repulsive on-site interaction can exhibit Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order. Analytical results for some special limiting cases indicate that Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order not always implies superconductivity.
With the projector quantum Monte Carlo algorithm and the stochastic diagonalization it is possible to calculate the ground state of the Hubbard model for small finite clusters. Nevertheless the usual finite size scaling of the Hubbard model has problems of deducing the behavior of the infinite system correctly from the numerical data of small system sizes. Therefore we study the finite size scaling of the superconducting correlation functions in superconducting BCS-reduced Hubbard models to analyze the finite size behavior in small finite clusters. The ground state of the BCS-reduced Hubbard models is calculated with the stochastic diagonalization without any approximations. As result of these analyses we propose a new finite size scaling ansatz for the Hubbard model, which is able describe the finite size effects in a consistent way taking the corrections to scaling into account, which are dominant for weak interaction strength and small clusters. With this new finite size scaling ansatz it is possible to give evidence for superconductivity for all interaction strengths for both the attractive tt'-Hubbard model (with s-wave symmetry) and the repulsive tt'-Hubbard model (with dx2-y2-wave symmetry).
We extend previous studies of the (BCS) canonical approach for the attractive Hubbard model. A derivation of the BCS formulation is presented for both the Hubbard model and a simpler reduced Hamiltonian. Using direct diagonalization, exact one- and two-dimensional solutions for both Hamiltonians are compared to BCS variational calculations. Approximate and exact ground state energies and energy gaps are computed for different electron number systems as well as correlation observables not previously predicted. Reproducing published one-dimensional findings, the BCS approach is an excellent approximation for the Hubbard ground state energy but not the energy gap, a finding that remains true in two dimensions. Propagators and correlators are found more sensitive to wave functions and appreciable differences are computed with the Hubbard model exhibiting a weaker degree of superconductivity than the BCS. Even for weak coupling pronounced differences are found between the BCS and Hubbard on-site correlators. Significantly, in the extreme strong coupling limit the Hubbard model exhibits no dimensional crossover, or density induced transitions, to long-range order in two dimensions. However, for the reduced Hamiltonian the BCS approach is an excellent approximation for all observables in both one and two dimensions.
In this paper we compare numerical results for the ground state of the Hubbard model obtained by Quantum-Monte-Carlo simulations with results from exact and stochastic diagonalizations. We find good agreement for the ground state energy and superconducting correlations for both, the repulsive and attractive Hubbard model. Special emphasis lies on the superconducting correlations in the repulsive Hubbard model, where the small magnitude of the values obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations gives rise to the question, whether these results might be caused by fluctuations or systematic errors of the method. Although we notice that the Quantum-Monte-Carlo method has convergence problems for large interactions, coinciding with a minus sign problem, we confirm the results of the diagonalization techniques for small and moderate interaction strengths. Additionally we investigate the numerical stability and the convergence of the Quantum-Monte-Carlo method in the attractive case, to study the influence of the minus sign problem on convergence. Also here in the absence of a minus sign problem we encounter convergence problems for strong interactions.
The Hubbard model with occupation-dependent hopping rate exhibits superconductivity in a wide range of parameters within mean-field (BCS) theory. Here we study pair binding energies in this model for small clusters by exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. The model is defined by on-site and nearest-neighbor repulsions U and V, and occupation-dependent hopping rate t(n)=t+n\ensuremath{\Delta}t. We present results for one-dimensional chains and for two-dimensional square lattices of sizes 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4, 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6, and 8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8. As a function of carrier density n the pair binding energy first increases and then decreases, and vanishes beyond a critical density. BCS results for the pair binding energy are found to be in remarkably good agreement with the exact results. In particular, BCS theory accurately reproduces the range of interaction parameters where pair binding exists in the exact solution. The model is found to exhibit no tendency to phase separation or clustering of more than two particles even for parameters giving rise to strong pair binding, in contrast to other tight-binding models where pairing occurs.
In conventional superconductors described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) Theory, the transition from the normal to the superconducting state is accompanied by a reduction in the potential energy and an increase in the kinetic energy. On the other hand, in high-temperature superconductors the potential and the kinetic energies present an unconventional behavior that may be strongly related to the pseudogap phenomena. In this work, the kinetic and potential energies in the superconducting state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model were analyzed. The model is investigated using the Green’s function method within a n-pole approximation, which allows superconductivity with dx2�����y2-wave pairing. In the present scenario, a pseudogap emerges near the anti-nodal points in the Fermi surface, when the strong coupling regime is reached. The results show that in the low doping region, the system enters the strong coupling regime and the opening of a pseudogap is followed by a decrease in the kinetic energy and an increase in the potential energy. A phase diagram of Coulomb interaction U versus the occupation nT is also presented. This phase diagram shows clearly that the pseudogap regime coincides with the strong coupling regime in which the kinetic and potential energies present an unconventional behavior. The analysis of the density of states and the chemical potential showed that the unconventional behavior of the potential and kinetic energies occurs due to the pseudogap emergence in the high occupancy region. It was also observed that the pseudogap emergence, when the occupancy increases, is preceded by a change in the Fermi surface topology, which characterizes a Lifshitz transition. Both the pseudogap and the Lifshitz transition are affected by the next-nearest neighbor hopping t2 (of the Hubbard model). This result is in accordance with recent theoretical and experimental results for the Hubbard model and the cuprates.