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Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

Collective two-photon processes in the presence of a thermal electromagnetic field

N. A. Enaki, O. B. Prepelitsa

Published Sep 1, 1991• 6 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf01027698

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We study the cooperative two-photon spontaneous decay of an excited atomic system in a microcavity whose size is of the order of several wavelengths of atomic radiation. We show that a thermalized electromagnetic field in the microcavity strongly affects the two-photon cooperative spontaneous emission of radiation. The increase in the rate of spontaneous cooperative decay is due to the presence of a small number of thermalized photons in a microcavity mode. At low temperatures, the two-photon absorption probability is found to be a linear function of the two-photon flux, and photon superbunching is observed.
The atom - electromagnetic field interaction is studied in the Dicke model, wherein a single field mode is interacting with a collection of two level atoms at thermal equilibrium. It is found that in the superradiant phase of the system, wherein the Bose-Einstein condensation of photons takes place, the notion of photon as an elementary electromagnetic excitation ceases to exist. The phase and intensity excitations of the condensate are found to be the true excitations of electromagnetic field. It is found that in this phase, the atom interacts with these excitations in a distinct coherent transition process, apart from the known stimulated emission/absorption and spontaneous emission processes. In the coherent transition it is found that while the atomic state changes in course of the transition process, the state of electromagnetic field remains unaffected. It is found that the transition probability of such coherent transition process is macroscopically large compared to other stimulated emission/absorption and spontaneous emission processes.
Abstract In this paper, the time evolution of a two-level atom in the presence of a medium-assisted thermal field is explored through which the formula for the decay rate of an excited atom is generalized in two aspects. The obtained formula applies to a thermal electromagnetic field as well as to the presence of an arbitrary arrangement of magnetoelectric media. In order to be general with respect to the material environment, the Green’s function approach is used. It is shown that the non-zero temperature contributes to the decay rate via an additive term that is equal to the zero-temperature result multiplied by two times the photon number at the atomic transition frequency.