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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Precision Atomic Beam Techniques

Polykarp Kusch

Published Jan 1, 1957• 12 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/freq.1957.199312

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We use the Ramsey separated oscillatory fields technique in a 400 degrees C thermal beam of ytterbium (Yb) atoms to measure the Larmor precession frequency (and hence the magnetic field) with high precision. For the experiment, we use the strongly allowed S-1(0) P-1(1) transition at 399 nm, and choose the odd isotope Yb-171 with nuclear spin I = 1/2, so that the ground state has only two magnetic sublevels m(F) = +/- 1/2. With a magnetic field of 22.2 G and a separation of about 400 mm between the oscillatory fields, the central Ramsey fringe is at 16.64 kHz and has a width of 350 Hz. The technique can be readily adapted to a cold atomic beam, which is expected to give more than an order-of-magnitude improvement in precision. The signal-to-noise ratio is comparable to other techniques of magnetometry; therefore it should be useful for all kinds of precision measurements such as searching for a permanent electric dipole moment in atoms.
Recent work has shown that it is possible to transport atoms along hollow core optical fibres using suitable light beams coupled into the fibres. These 'atom hosepipes' open up the possibility of precisely manipulating and positioning atomic beams and samples. This paves the way for transporting atoms to 'cleaner' vacuum systems for precision measurements and also for novel studies of wave-particle duality. This article discusses the physical principles behind this technique and also reviews some of the most recent experiments in this field. Future prospects, including the transport of cold atoms, are also discussed.
New levels of control over the atomic motion have been attained through the development of the atom laser. The unique properties of these coherent atomic sources open up a wide range of new possibilities in the fields of atom optics and precision measurement. In this article we have discussed the high contrast interference pattern obtained from an atom laser with two output modes of different energies. It should be possible to create a highly complex interference pattern in the output beam of an atom laser by applying a correspondingly tailored radio wave field for output coupling. A novel atom optical manipulation method allowed us to reflect, recapture and focus an atom laser beam. Due to its simplicity and precision the technique is ideally suited for creating an interferometer for the atom laser beam. It seems feasible to split the atom laser beam into two components and recombine it after delaying one of the two components. The resulting interference pattern would reveal the coherence properties of the atom laser beam.