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Physics Research International

On the Canonical Transformation of Time-Dependent Harmonic Oscillator

Akpan N. Ikot, Louis E. Akpabio, Ita O. Akpan, Michael I. Umo, Oladunjoye A. Awoga, Alice Bassey Nyong

Published Dec 2, 2009• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We performed a two-variable canonical transformation on the time momentum operator, and without loss of generality we carried out a three-variable transformation on the coordinate and momentum space operators to trivialize the Hamiltonian operator of the system. Fortunately, this operation separates the time-coordinate and space coordinate naturally, and the wave function of the time-dependent Harmonic Oscillator is evaluated via the generator.

DOI
10.1155/2010/103538

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We performed a two-variable canonical transformation on the time momentum operator, and without loss of generality we carried out a three-variable transformation on the coordinate and momentum space operators to trivialize the Hamiltonian operator of the system. Fortunately, this operation separates the time-coordinate and space coordinate naturally, and the wave function of the time-dependent Harmonic Oscillator is evaluated via the generator.
A canonical transformation changes variables such as coordinates and momenta to new variables preserving either the Poisson bracket or the commutation relations depending on whether the problem is classical or quantal respectively. Classically canonical transformations are well established as a powerful tool for solving differential equations. Quantum canonical transformations have been defined and used relatively recently because of the non-commutativeness of the quantum variables. Three elementary canonical transformations and their composite transformations have quantum implementations. Quantum canonical transformations have been mostly used in time-independent Schrodinger equations and a harmonic oscillator with time-dependent angular frequency is probably the only time-dependent problem solved by these transformations. In this work, we apply quantum canonical transformations to a harmonic oscillator in which both angular frequency and equilibrium position are time-dependent.
In this work we present the classical and quantum solutions for an arbitrary system of time-dependent coupled harmonic oscillators, where the masses (m), frequencies (ω) and coupling parameter (k) are functions of time. To obtain the classical solutions, we use a coordinate and momentum transformations along with a canonical transformation to write the original Hamiltonian as the sum of two Hamiltonians of uncoupled harmonic oscillators with modified time-dependent frequencies and unitary masses. To obtain the exact quantum solutions we use a unitary transformation and the Lewis and Riesenfeld (LR) invariant method. The exact wave functions are obtained by solving the respective Milne–Pinney (MP) equation for each system. We obtain the solutions for the system with m1 = m2 = m0eγt, ω1 = ω01e-γt/2, ω2 = ω02e-γt/2 and k = k0.
A systematic way of treating a general time-dependent harmonic oscillator in classical and quantum mechanics is given. By a general canonical transformation in classical mechanics, the time-dependent Hamiltonian can be transformed to a time-independent one (the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant), explicitly separating a total time-derivative term. In quantum mechanics, one can obtain the phase of the wave function straightforwardly from this total-derivative term, together with the corresponding time-independent Hamiltonian. We solve analytically and algebraically the general time-dependent harmonic oscillator driven by a time-dependent inverse cubic force as an example.
An algebraic (matrix) method is presented for canonically transforming the Hamiltonians quadratic in coordinate and momentum operators into the Hamiltonian of non-interacting harmonic oscillators. The method is illustrated by transforming the Hamiltonian of a harmonic oscillator in a constant magnetic field into the Hamiltonian of the two-dimensional, in general anisotropic, harmonic oscillator. The results are found to be in agreement with those obtained previously for the same Hamiltonian using a different technique.