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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing

Artificial-noise-aided secure multi-antenna transmission in slow fading channels with limited feedback

Xi Zhang, Xiangyun Zhou, Matthew R. McKay, Robert W. Heath

Published May 1, 2014• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study secure multi-antenna transmission with limited feedback from the intended receiver and no feedback from the malicious eavesdropper. Our system uses the artificial-noise-aided beamforming approach to enhance secrecy, considering slow fading channels with outage constraints on the reliability performance of legitimate communication and the secrecy performance against eavesdropping. Our analytical results provide conditions on the minimum number of feedback bits and the minimum strength of the intended channel for making secure transmission possible. We observe that strengthening the secrecy outage constraint puts higher requirements on the number of feedback bits and the strength of the intended channel. To maximize the achievable secrecy rate, the optimal transmit power allocation between the information signal and the artificial noise is also derived in closed form.

DOI
10.1109/icassp.2014.6854346

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We study secure multi-antenna transmission with limited feedback from the intended receiver and no feedback from the malicious eavesdropper. Our system uses the artificial-noise-aided beamforming approach to enhance secrecy, considering slow fading channels with outage constraints on the reliability performance of legitimate communication and the secrecy performance against eavesdropping. Our analytical results provide conditions on the minimum number of feedback bits and the minimum strength of the intended channel for making secure transmission possible. We observe that strengthening the secrecy outage constraint puts higher requirements on the number of feedback bits and the strength of the intended channel. To maximize the achievable secrecy rate, the optimal transmit power allocation between the information signal and the artificial noise is also derived in closed form.
We present an optimized secure multi-antenna transmission approach based on artificial-noise-aided beamforming, with limited feedback from a desired single-antenna receiver. To deal with beamformer quantization errors as well as unknown eavesdropper channel characteristics, our approach is aimed at maximizing throughput under dual performance constraints-a connection outage constraint on the desired communication channel and a secrecy outage constraint to guard against eavesdropping. We propose an adaptive transmission strategy that judiciously selects the wiretap coding parameters, as well as the power allocation between the artificial noise and the information signal. This optimized solution reveals several important differences with respect to solutions designed previously under the assumption of perfect feedback. We also investigate the problem of how to most efficiently utilize the feedback bits. The simulation results indicate that a good design strategy is to use approximately 20% of these bits to quantize the channel gain information, with the remainder to quantize the channel direction, and this allocation is largely insensitive to the secrecy outage constraint imposed. In addition, we find that 8 feedback bits per transmit antenna is sufficient to achieve approximately 90% of the throughput attainable with perfect feedback.
In this paper, we investigate the design of artificial-noise-aided secure multi-antenna transmission in slow fading channels. The primary design concerns include the transmit power allocation and the rate parameters of the wiretap code. We consider two scenarios with different complexity levels: 1) the design parameters are chosen to be fixed for all transmissions; and 2) they are adaptively adjusted based on the instantaneous channel feedback from the intended receiver. In both scenarios, we provide explicit design solutions for achieving the maximal throughput subject to a secrecy constraint, given by a maximum allowable secrecy outage probability. We then derive accurate approximations for the maximal throughput in both scenarios in the high signal-to-noise ratio region, and give new insights into the additional power cost for achieving a higher security level while maintaining a specified target throughput. In the end, the throughput gain of adaptive transmission over non-adaptive transmission is also quantified and analyzed.
This paper investigates secure multi-antenna transmission in slow fading channels without the eavesdropper's channel state information. The use of multiple transmit antennas enables the transmitter to strengthen the signal reception at the intended receiver while simultaneously confusing the eavesdropper by delivering artificial noise. A recently developed secrecy outage formulation, which can separately measure the quality of service and the level of security, is used to characterize the security performance. We show that an arbitrarily low secrecy outage probability cannot be achieved by adding more transmit antennas alone without optimizing other system parameters. To facilitate the practical system design, we present an on-off transmission scheme with optimal artificial noise power allocation, which minimizes the secrecy outage probability whilst guaranteeing a minimum required quality of service.
We design a novel artificial-noise-aided secure ON-OFF transmission scheme in a wiretap channel. We consider a practical scenario, where the multi-antenna transmitter only obtains partial channel knowledge from the single-antenna receiver through limited training and feedback but has no channel knowledge about the single-antenna eavesdropper. In the design, we first propose a three-period block transmission protocol to capture the practical training and quantization features. We then characterize the statistics of the received signal-to-noise ratios at the receiver and the eavesdropper. Under the secrecy outage constraint, we exploit the ON-OFF scheme to perform secure transmission and derive a closed-form expression for the secrecy throughput. Moreover, we investigate the optimization problem of maximizing the secrecy throughput by proposing an iterative algorithm to determine the optimal power allocation between the information signal and artificial noise, as well as the optimal codeword transmission rate. Furthermore, we define the net secrecy throughput (NST), which takes the signaling overhead into account and address the problem of optimally allocating the block resource to the training and feedback overhead. Numerical results clearly demonstrate how the optimal signaling overhead changes with the number of transmit antennas, and there exists an optimal number of antennas that maximizes the NST.
This paper studies the secure transmission over Rayleigh fading channels, where the communication between a multi-antenna(N-antenna) transmitter and a desired single-antenna receiver is overheard by a multi-antenna(Mantenna) eavesdropper. We consider a practical scenario where the transmitter can only obtain the average channel knowledge of the eavesdropper and the imperfect instantaneous channel knowledge of the legitimate receiver through the use of pilot training and digital feedback. Two outage events occur in the system - a connection outage event to ensure decode correctly and a secrecy outage event to ensure secure transmission, closed-form expressions for dual outage probabilities are derived. Before transmission, the transmitter selects the wiretap coding parameters to achieve secure transmission based on the instantaneous realization of the main channel, and the closed-form expression for secrecy throughput is also derived. By this, we further determine the optimal secrecy rate and the optimal power allocation between information signals and artificial noise signals to maximize the secrecy throughput. Moreover, we explicitly examine the impacts of N and M on the secrecy throughput and optimal power allocation.
In this paper, we consider secure communications in a multi-cell downlink multi-antenna system, where each multi-antenna base station (BS) sends confidential messages to one intended legitimate user (LU) with a passive multi-antenna eavesdropper trying to intercept the messages in this cell. To enhance the secure communications of the cell-edge users, the multiple BSs employ coordinated beamforming with the aid of artificial-noise (AN) beamforming. We conduct a mathematically rigorous secrecy performance analysis of the considered system and obtain new accurate closed-form expressions of a lower bound on the ergodic rate of each LU and an upper bound of the ergodic rate of each eavesdropper without assuming asymptotes for any system parameter (except for the “worst-case” scenario with zero noise power). Then, a lower bound on the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) of each LU follows. Based on the derived analytical results, we propose a low-complexity algorithm to optimize the channel sate information (CSI) feedback bits allocation for the channels of target signal link and inter-cell interference links. Furthermore, we develop explicit sufficient conditions on the set of system parameters under which there are at least two BSs to coordinated secure transmission. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, we can verify that the obtained analytical lower bound on ESR of each LU as a function of the set of power allocation coefficients is generallyneither convex nor concave. Thus, we propose to employ some numerical method to find a sub-optimal power allocation solution. Finally, numerical results are also provided to validate our theoretical results and the proposed feedback bits and power allocation methods.