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Physical Review A

Observation of coherent population transfer in a four-level tripod system with a rare-earth-metal-ion-doped crystal

Hayato Goto, Kouichi Ichimura

Published Mar 15, 2007• 40 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent population transfer in a laser-driven four-level system in a tripod configuration is experimentally investigated with a rare-earth-metal-ion-doped crystal $({\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5})$. The population transfers observed here indicate that a main process inducing them is not optical pumping, which is an incoherent process inducing population transfer. Moreover, numerical simulation, which well reproduces the experimental results, also shows that the process inducing the observed population transfers is similar to stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in the sense that this process possesses characteristic features of STIRAP.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.033404

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Apr 14, 2015•11 citations
Coherent population transfer in a laser-driven four-level system in a tripod configuration is experimentally investigated with a rare-earth-metal-ion-doped crystal (Pr3+:Y2SiO5)({\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5})(Pr3+:Y2​SiO5​). The population transfers observed here indicate that a main process inducing them is not optical pumping, which is an incoherent process inducing population transfer. Moreover, numerical simulation, which well reproduces the experimental results, also shows that the process inducing the observed population transfers is similar to stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in the sense that this process possesses characteristic features of STIRAP.
We report experimental demonstration of population transfer via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage with a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal (Pr3+:Y2SiO5)({\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{5})(Pr3+:Y2​SiO5​). About 90% of population of a ground level is transferred to another ground level with two pulses whose width is shorter than the lifetime of the excited state. The dependence of transferred population on the delay time of the pulse sequence is also experimentally investigated. The delay-time dependence observed in our experiment is similar to that obtained by numerical simulation.
We report on experimental investigations of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}Pr3+:Y2​SiO5​ crystal. STIRAP drives complete, coherent population transfer between two hyperfine levels in the Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+ ions. We investigate the variation of the STIRAP transfer efficiency with the experimental parameters: e.g., detunings, Rabi frequencies, and pulse delays. In addition, we also observe an alternative and efficient, adiabatic transfer process---i.e., bbb-STIRAP---which occurs for a reversed sequence of laser pulses. We compare the efficiencies and time-resolved transfer dynamics of STIRAP and bbb-STIRAP. The experimental data are supported by numerical simulations, also including the effect of laser frequency jitter. Our experimental data and the numerical simulations provide a clear and convincing demonstration of adiabatic excitations in a solid medium.
Abstract We experimentally demonstrate spatial confinement of atomic excitation by adiabatic passage processes in a rare-earth ion-doped Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. In particular, we apply stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and compare its performance with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Using a Stokes beam with Gaussian and a pump beam with donut shape we localize the atomic population in the zero-intensity center of the latter. Our data confirm that adiabatic passage confines excitation far below the diameter of the driving laser beams, and that this localization rapidly increases with laser intensity. We find, that STIRAP significantly outperforms EIT, as it was predicted by previous theory proposals, i.e., STIRAP reaches small excitation volumes with much lower laser intensity. The experimental data agree very well with numerical simulations. The findings serve as a step towards new applications for STIRAP, to prepare excitation regions or population patterns in space with large resolution.
We report on the experimental implementation of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. Our data provide clear and striking proof for nearly complete population inversion between hyperfine levels in the Pr3+ ions. The transfer efficiency was monitored by absorption spectroscopy. Time-resolved absorption measurements serve to monitor the adiabatic population dynamics during the STIRAP process. Efficient transfer is observed for negative pulse delays (STIRAP), as well as for positive delays. We identify the latter by an alternative adiabatic passage process.
We consider a five-level atomic system (M-system) driven by four near-resonant laser pulses and study the possibilities of population transfer via different combinations of Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) and bright-STIRAP (b-STIRAP) processes. We examine these combinations analytically and numerically from the point of view of efficiency of population transfer. It is shown, in particular, that the combination of the processes above enhances the efficiency. Analytical expressions are obtained for the quasienergies of the system in two regimes differing by conditions imposed on resonance detunings. Interaction adiabaticity conditions are analyzed. We also study the necessary successions of turning on and off of pulses which ensure efficient transfer of atomic populations. The obtained analytical results agree well with direct numerical calculations.
A mechanism for laser cooling of crystals doped with rare-earth ions is proposed. The mechanism involves two-photon Raman scattering through the dipole-allowed 5d ion level, electron–phonon transitions between the Stark-split sublevels, and fluorescence from the excited ion level. It is shown that, under the conditions of coherent pumping, the total population of the ground level is transferred to the excited level of the rare-earth ion, thus increasing the cooling power and accelerating the cooling process. The involvement of dipole-allowed transitions yields an increase in the cooling efficiency by 14% compared to the efficiency of direct pumping at transitions between the 4f levels. Estimations show that the temperature of the sample cooled by the proposed mechanism can reach 82.9 K for current materials with a background absorption coefficient of 4.0×10−4 cm−1.