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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Lattice gas with nearest-neighbor interaction in one dimension with arbitrary statistics

Cheng Kee Lai

Published Oct 1, 1974• 286 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We define a quantum lattice gas with arbitrary statistics. For a one-dimensional system with nearest-neighbor interaction, we show that the problem is exactly soluble by use of Bethe's hypothesis when the interaction Δ=±1. The ground state energy is then obtained for the fermions of spin 1/2. Two phases are found in the case Δ=-1.

DOI
10.1063/1.1666522

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We define a quantum lattice gas with arbitrary statistics. For a one-dimensional system with nearest-neighbor interaction, we show that the problem is exactly soluble by use of Bethe's hypothesis when the interaction Δ=±1. The ground state energy is then obtained for the fermions of spin 1/2. Two phases are found in the case Δ=-1.
The spectral properties of the spinless fermion model with nearest-neighbor repulsive interactions on a one-dimensional lattice are investigated using the Bethe ansatz. Although its bulk quantities are exactly the same as those of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain, the difference in the statistics of particles causes substantial effects on spectral features, such as gapless points of dispersion relations and line shapes of spectral functions. In this Letter, we clarify the origin of the differences in spectral features between fermionic and bosonic systems in terms of Bethe ansatz solutions. We also confirm that the two-string solutions have considerable spectral weights in the high-energy regime.
We present the exact solution to a one-dimensional multicomponent quantum lattice model interacting by an exchange operator which falls off as the inverse sinh square of the distance. This interaction contains a variable range as a parameter and can thus interpolate between the known solutions for the nearest-neighbor chain and the inverse-square chain. The energy, susceptibility, charge stiffness, and the dispersion relations for low-lying excitations are explicitly calculated for the absolute ground state, as a function of both the range of the interaction and the number of species of fermions.
Investigation of the gas-liquid transition in the spinless fermion lattice gas with infinite-ranged attractive interaction is continued. Equation of state and phase diagram are calculated exactly at finite temperatures. Quantum shift of the critical temperature is also calculated. In some cases, e.g., in the case of the linear chain with nearest neighbor hopping, the obtained isotherms have two separate horizontal parts on suitable conditions showing double phase transitions and there exist two critical points in the phase diagram. As far as the density of states has a single peak, on the other hand, the system has only one critical point.
We present an exactly solvable Hamiltonian which consists of nearest neighbor hopping and long-range interaction. The ground state and the thermodynamic quantities are analytically obtained in any dimensions. In a repulsive case, the Luttinger's theorem breaks down and the hypothesis of the adiabatic continuation no longer holds. At half filling, we show the existence of a metal-insulator transition as a function of the strength of the interaction. The zero energy excitation disappears at the critical value of the interaction when we increase the interaction. In this case, the system is an insulator. The charge compressibility behaves as κ≈|1-ρ| 1-2/ d near half filling in d dimensions where ρ is the density of electrons. At other fillings, there is always a zero energy excitation and the system is metallic. When the interaction is attractive, the ground state is composed of pairs of electrons with opposite spins. The low energy excitations, however, is not a particle-hole type of a non-interacting case but a pairwise excitation across the Fermi surface.