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The Journal of Chemical Physics

Thermodynamic performance of a laser cryocooler

Feng Wu, Lingen Chen, Shuang Wu, Fengrui Sun

Published May 23, 2007• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum dynamic action of a laser cooling system is analyzed by means of a simplified luminescence center model with ground state and excited state in this paper. The thermodynamic performance of a laser cryocooler is described by solving quantum master equation. The cooling load and the coefficient of performance of the cooler are obtained by using finite time thermodynamics. Some features of the system under the weak coupling and under the intense coupling conditions are discussed.

DOI
10.1063/1.2736684

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The quantum dynamic action of a laser cooling system is analyzed by means of a simplified luminescence center model with ground state and excited state in this paper. The thermodynamic performance of a laser cryocooler is described by solving quantum master equation. The cooling load and the coefficient of performance of the cooler are obtained by using finite time thermodynamics. Some features of the system under the weak coupling and under the intense coupling conditions are discussed.
Abstract We discuss a quantum refrigerator to increase the ground state probability of a target qubit whose energy difference between the ground and excited states is less than the thermal energyof its environment. We consider two types of quantum refrigerators: (1) one extra qubit with frequent pulse operations and(2) two extra qubits without them. These two types of refrigerators are evaluated from the viewpoint of quantum thermodynamics. More specifically,we calculate the heat removed from the target qubit, the work done for the system, and the coefficient of performance (COP), the ratio between the heat ant work.We show that the COP of the second type outperforms that of the first one.Our results are useful to design a high-performance quantum refrigerator cooling down a qubit.
Recent experiments and theoretical models relevant to optical cooling of bulk matter are reviewed.A new derivation of the cooling efficiency, accounting both for the escape probability and the saturation intensity, is developed.Applications to an optical refrigerator and a radiationbalanced solid-state laser are considered.An overview is given of results and ideas pertaining to fluorescent cooling of rare-earth-doped solids, semiconductors, fluids, and other potential cooling materials, including the basic thermodynamics of the process.
The authors consider the laser cooling of a trapped two-level system during its final approach to equilibrium. Then it moves only within one optical wavelength and an expansion in the Lamb-Dicke parameter is possible. This allows an adiabatic elimination of the internal degrees of freedom. There remains a slow time evolution on a new time scale related to the Lamb-Dicke parameter. This scale is determined by an effective time evolution operator, which the authors derive using the method of degenerate perturbation theory. The ensuing master equation can be completely solved both for its time evolution and the ultimate steady state. In addition to providing a complete description of the final stages of the laser cooling, the calculation can be seen to add one more soluble case to the discussion of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.
We analyze theoretically a one-dimensional model of laser cooling of an atom or ion trapped in a cavity. We assume that the cavity loss rate is much larger than the atom-cavity coupling (bad-cavity limit) and that the atomic excited state is weakly occupied (low saturation limit). After elimination of the cavity mode and the atomic excited state, we derive rate equations for the populations of the trap states. We find that in the Lamb-Dicke limit the atom can be cooled to the ground state of the trap even in the strong confinement limit. This result is interpreted in terms of quantum interferences between different cooling and heating processes involving spontaneous emission in the cavity.