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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Diffraction efficiency in space-and-time-domain holography

Heiki Sõnajalg, Peeter Saari

Published Feb 1, 1994• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical analysis of space-and-time-domain holography in spectral hole-burning samples with arbitrary initial optical densities is presented, and the influence of the exposure, the initial optical density of the sample, and the shape of the homogeneous line on the diffraction efficiency (DE) of the hologram are studied. The maximum value of the first-order DE is as high as 40%.

DOI
10.1364/josab.11.000372

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A theoretical analysis of space-and-time-domain holography in spectral hole-burning samples with arbitrary initial optical densities is presented, and the influence of the exposure, the initial optical density of the sample, and the shape of the homogeneous line on the diffraction efficiency (DE) of the hologram are studied. The maximum value of the first-order DE is as high as 40%.
The first paper in this series presented a detailed analysis of the diffraction efficiency of a single holographic grating obtained by spectral hole burning. This paper covers the influence of phase changes which occur during the burning of a single hologram, and the interaction of spectrally adjacent two laser induced gratings. A theoretical description of the holographic efficiencies which takes into account the influence of the relative phases between the two gratings. Experimental results are presented and discussed in terms of the theory.
Time- and space domain (TSD) holography [1-3] can be viewed upon as a more general case of conventional holographic process, in which the recording media re members, in addition to the spatial picture, also the spectral intensity of the illuminating light. The resolution of TSD-holograms in time is Fourier-related to the spectral properties of the recording media. The longest time interval that can be recorded is given by the inverse value of the homogeneous width of the zero-phonon line and the shortest time is given by the inverse value of the width of the inhomogeneous distribution in the frequency dimension. By using photochemical spectral hole-burning in organic dye-polymer systems with very broad inhomogeneous bands TSD-holograms of full scenes of ultrafast events with subpicosecond time resolution have been recorded [4, 5].
Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) in organic molecules doped in a polymer matrix at low temperatures allows optical recording of information in the dimensions of frequency and time, as well as in space and externally applied electric field. We use this special property to demonstrate new types of holograms, which extend conventional spatial-domain optical data storage into the new dimensions. Basic aspects of recording and playback of holograms by persistent spectral hole burning, including relation between frequency- and time-domain response function, is discussed. This paper is elucidating inherent relations between the time- and frequency-domain versions of PSHB holography. We show that by multiplexing holograms in the frequency dimension, we can store a large number (up to 12 000) of image holograms using a single spectral hole burning sample. In the time domain, we show storage and reproduction of ultrashort time-space images on the scale of 10 -12 −10 -13 s. Experiments demonstrating unusual hologram properties, such as causality-related asymmetry of diffraction, inversion of time coordinate, and ultrafast processing, are presented.
Persistent spectral hole burning [1] in conjunction with holography (PSHB) opens new prospects for high density optical information storage and processing. In the holographic approach, hole burning is carried out with two -crossed coherent laser beams which bleach out a narrow frequency domain hole in an inhomogeneously broadened absorption band recording, at the same time, a spatial holographic fringe pattern. During read out of the hologram diffraction from this spatial fringe pattern occurs, and a holographic image is reconstructed, reflecting the changes of the absorption coefficient and the refractive index introduced by the spectral hole [2].
Thin holograms with novel diffraction properties were created in spectral hole-burning materials. Simultaneously sweeping the frequency of the recording light and the phase of the holograms results in an asymmetric distribution of diffraction efficiency between positive and negative orders. Experiments were performed that demonstrate amplified or attenuated diffraction efficiency with respect to holograms recorded at a single frequency. The observed diffraction is well described by a simple model in which small grating amplitudes and weak burning are assumed.