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CAOL . International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers

Super/subradiant frequency doubling by quantum wells coupled to external resonator

Gennady A. Koganov, R. Shuker

Published Sep 1, 2013• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A scheme for active frequency doubling is suggested. The system comprises N semiconductor quantum wells situated into resonant cavity. Theoretical model for such systems is based on three-level virtual atoms in ladder configuration. It is found that the system can lase in either superradiant or subradiant regime, depending on the number of atoms N. When N passes some critical value the transition from the super to subradiance occurs in a phase-transition-like manner. Stability study of the steady state supports this conclusion.

DOI
10.1109/caol.2013.6657554

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A scheme for active frequency doubling is suggested. The system comprises N semiconductor quantum wells situated into resonant cavity. Theoretical model for such systems is based on three-level virtual atoms in ladder configuration. It is found that the system can lase in either superradiant or subradiant regime, depending on the number of atoms N. When N passes some critical value the transition from the super to subradiance occurs in a phase-transition-like manner. Stability study of the steady state supports this conclusion.
Abstract A scheme for active second harmonics generation is suggested. The system comprises N three-level atoms in ladder configuration, situated into a resonant cavity. The system generates the field whose frequency is twice the frequency of the pumping laser, and the field phase is locked to the phase of the pumping field. It is found that the system can lase in either superradiant or subradiant regime, depending on the number of atoms N . When N passes some critical value the transition from the super to subradiance occurs in a phase-transition-like manner. Stability study of the steady state supports this conclusion. For experimental realization of the super/subradiant second harmonics generation we propose semiconductor quantum well structures, superconducting quantum circuits, and evanescently coupled waveguides in which equally spaced levels relevant to this study exist.
A model of a superradiant laser comprising of N three-level systems driven by two pumping lasers is considered in semiclassical approximation. Steady-state equations for density matrix elements are solved both analytically and numerically. Various properties of generated light are investigated. It is found that such a laser can exhibit both superradiance, when the intensity scales as N(2), and subradiance when the intensity does not depend on N. The phase of the laser field is locked to the relative phase of the pumping lasers.
We study an atom-cavity system composed of an ensemble of three-level atoms interacting with a high-finesse single-mode optical resonator. Two examples of physical models, the laser-driven $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atomic system and the three-level ladder-type atomic system, are investigated in detail. By altering the collective atom-cavity dynamics via an intracavity optical parametric amplification process, a spin-boson model is realized when the composite system operates in the far-detuning regime. When the number of atoms exceeds a critical value, the quantum system undergoes a superradiant phase transition whose dependence on different experimentally adjustable parameters is explored in detail. The effects of the spontaneous emission of atoms and the cavity loss on the phase transition are considered, and measuring the cavity output field itself gives an experimental probe of the superradiant phase transition.
We theoretically study a superradiant laser, deriving both the steady-state behaviors and small-amplitude responses of the laser's atomic inversion, atomic polarization, and light field amplitude. Our minimum model for a three-level laser includes atomic population accumulating outside of the lasing transition and dynamics of the atomic population distribution causing cavity frequency tuning, as can occur in realistic experimental systems. We show that the population dynamics can act as real-time feedback to stabilize or destabilize the laser's output power, and we derive the cavity frequency tuning for a Raman laser. We extend the minimal model to describe a cold-atom Raman laser using 87{}^{87}87Rb, showing that the minimal model qualitatively captures the essential features of the more complex system [Bohnet et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 253602 (2012)]. This work informs our understanding of the stability of proposed millihertz linewidth lasers based on ultranarrow optical atomic transitions and will guide the design and development of these next-generation optical frequency references.
In this thesis, I describe the theoretical development of the superradiant laser, or laser in the extreme bad-cavity regime. In this regime, the cavity decay rate is much greater than the atomic dynamics. The atoms emit photons into the cavity mode superradiantly in steady state. We develop group-theoretic methods that enable us to exactly solve mesoscopic systems with hundreds of atoms. We demonstrate the synchronization of atomic dipoles in steady-state superradiance. With this synchronized system, we propose conditional Ramsey spectroscopy which allows us to observe Ramsey fringes indefinitely, even in the presence of atomic decoherence. Furthermore, we explore manifestations of synchronization in the quantum realm with two superradiant atomic ensembles. We show that two such ensembles exhibit a dynamical phase transition from two disparate oscillators to quantum phase-locked dynamics. Finally, we study the mechanical eect of the light-atom interaction in the steady-state superradiance. We find efficient many-body cooling of atoms. The work described in this thesis lays the theoretical foundation for the superradiant laser and for a potential future of active optical frequency standards.
For pt.I see ibid., vol.18, p.3811 (1985). This paper is the second of a theoretical study of subradiance, i.e. of the cooperative inhibition of spontaneous emission by a destructive interatomic interference, a phenomenon which has recently been observed. It is devoted to the particular case of atomic systems with degenerate transitions, i.e. with several transitions of the same frequency and the same polarisation. The interatomic interference which then occurs between the different transitions is responsible, when destructive, for a new sort of subradiance. The phenomenon is studied for a few typical level configurations, using both quantum mechanical and semiclassical models. The first example concerns a four-level configuration with two transitions of the same frequency and polarisation. The other examples concern three-level configurations with a degenerate transition; in the case of the 'degenerate' cascade, new superradiant beats and subradiance effects are predicted.