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Journal of Modern Optics

Squeezing and Antibunching in Phase-matched Many-atom Resonance Fluorescence

A. Heidmann, Serge Reynaud

Published Jun 1, 1987• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present two approaches to the correlation properties of the fluorescence field emitted by a many-atom source. The first approach is an extension of resonance-fluorescence theory, while the second one is based on scattering theory. Both approaches lead to an understanding of why the ‘anomalous’ correlation properties associated with squeezing and antibunching appear when some phase-matching condition is satisfied and why this condition is the four-wave-mixing one. We show that the effect of atomic motion can be taken into account in the scattering approach and that the many-atom antibunching effect cannot be considered as Doppler-free.

DOI
10.1080/09500348714550841

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We present two approaches to the correlation properties of the fluorescence field emitted by a many-atom source. The first approach is an extension of resonance-fluorescence theory, while the second one is based on scattering theory. Both approaches lead to an understanding of why the ‘anomalous’ correlation properties associated with squeezing and antibunching appear when some phase-matching condition is satisfied and why this condition is the four-wave-mixing one. We show that the effect of atomic motion can be taken into account in the scattering approach and that the many-atom antibunching effect cannot be considered as Doppler-free.
We report on the observation of photon antibunching in the resonance fluorescence field radiated by a many-atom source. The crucial feature of our experiment is the achievement of a phasematching configuration similar to that of four-wave mixing. The antibunching term results from a constructive interference of contributions from the NNN atoms and thus scales as N2{N}^{2}N2.
Emission of resonance fluorescence by an atom near the surface of a four-wave mixing phase conjugator is considered. The dipole radiation field, regarded as a Heisenberg-operator field, is decomposed into plane waves with the aid of Weyl's representation of the Green's function for the wave equation. Each plane-wave component which is incident on the surface of the nonlinear medium, is reflected as its phase-conjugate image. Summation of all reflected plane waves then yields the phase conjugate replica of the incident dipole radiation. This field adds to the radiation which is emitted by the atom into the direction away from the medium. The condition under which squeezing occurs in the emitted resonance fluorescence is investigated.
The equal-time intensity correlation function and variances of the in-phase and out-of-phase components of the electric field radiated by a system of two interacting atoms in the process of resonance fluorescence are calculated analytically for arbitrary values of the field strength, interatomic interaction, and detuning and are illustrated graphically. It is shown that not only photon antibuching but also squeezing can occur in two-atom resonance fluorescence. The influence of dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms on both nonclassical effects is discussed. It is shown that a considerable amount of photon antibunching and squeezing can be obtained for finite detuning of the laser frequency from atomic resonance, especially when the detuning and dipole-dipole interaction parameters cancel out mutually. The maximum value of squeezing for interacting atoms is shown to be less, however, than that for noninteracting atoms. Very strong dipole-dipole interaction reduces the squeezing effect to zero.
The squeezing properties of the fluorescence field emitted by a two-level atom driven by a coherent laser field in a squeezed vacuum are calculated. We show that in the region of the anomalous resonance fluorescence the emitted field exhibits squeezing that is much larger than that in the input squeezed vacuum. The squeezing spectrum attains a minimum value that corresponds to 75% squeezing. We also find that, in the total fluorescence field, squeezing attains an optimum achievable value in the fluorescence field emitted by a two-level atom. The optimum squeezing is associated with the collapse of the system into a pure state.