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Chinese Physics Letters

Effects of Intrinsic Decoherence on Information Transport in a Spin Chain

Tian-Hai Zeng, Shao Bin, Zou Jian

Published Feb 1, 2009• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Considering Milburn's intrinsic decoherence effect on quantum communication through a spin chain, we show that the transfer quality for quantum state and entanglement will obviously decrease with the increasing intrinsic decoherence rate. Some odd chains are much higher than even ones for the state transfer efficiency. The state transfer of a long chain is very sensitive to the intrinsic decoherence, which turns out to be an obstacle for information transport.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/26/2/020313

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Considering Milburn's intrinsic decoherence effect on quantum communication through a spin chain, we show that the transfer quality for quantum state and entanglement will obviously decrease with the increasing intrinsic decoherence rate. Some odd chains are much higher than even ones for the state transfer efficiency. The state transfer of a long chain is very sensitive to the intrinsic decoherence, which turns out to be an obstacle for information transport.
By considering distance-regular graphs as spin networks, we investigate the state transfer fidelity in this class of networks. The effect of environment on the dynamics of state transfer is modeled using Milburn's intrinsic decoherence [G. J. Milburn, Phys. Rev. A 44, 5401 (1991)]. We consider a particular type of spin Hamiltonians which are extended version of those of Christandl et al [Phys. Rev. A 71, 032312 (2005)]. It is shown that decoherence destroys perfect communication channels. Using optimal coupling strengths derived by Jafarizadeh and Sufiani [Phys. Rev. A 77, 022315 (2008)], we show that destructive effect of environment on the communication channel increases by increasing the decoherence rate, however the state transfer fidelity reaches a steady value as time approaches infinity which is independent of the decoherence rate. Moreover, it is shown that for a given decoherence rate, the fidelity of transfer decreases by increasing the distance between the sender and the receiver.
An open ended spin chain can serve as a quantum data bus for the coherent transfer of quantum state information. In this paper, we investigate the efficiency of such quantum spin channels which work in a decoherence environment. Our results show that the decoherence will significantly reduce the fidelity of quantum communication through the spin channels. Generally speaking, as the distance increases, the decoherence effects become more serious, which will put some constraints on the spin chains for long distance quantum state transfer.
We consider an unmodulated linear spin chain composed of two qubits at the ends, which undergo nearest-neighbor interactions, with an arbitrary spin between them. The state of the qubit on one end is to be transmitted through the arbitrary spin and is received by the qubit on the other end with some fidelity. We look at the behavior of the average f idelity of state transfer through time as affected by the spin quantum number of the arbitrary spin in between the qubits. We f ind that the higher the spin quantum number becomes, the earlier it takes to achieve perfect or nearly perfect state transfer. Moreover, when the channel with arbitrary spin is subjected to environment interaction, results from the calculation of average fidelity suggest that increasing the spin quantum number of the channel provides a countermeasure to the effects of decoherence induced by the environment.
We investigate the state or entanglement transfer through a two-dimensional spin network. We show that for state transfer, better fidelity can be gained along the diagonal direction but for entanglement transfer, when the initial entanglement is created along the boundary, the concurrence is more inclined to propagate along the boundary. This behavior is produced by quantum mechanical interference and the communication quality depends on the precise size of the network. For some number of sites, the fidelity in a two-dimensional channel is higher than one-dimensional case. This is an important result for realizing quantum communication through high dimension spin chain networks.
Spin chains have been proposed as a reliable and convenient way of transferring information and entanglement in a quantum computational context. Nonetheless, it has to be expected that any physical implementation of these systems will be subject to several perturbative factors which could potentially diminish the transfer quality. In this paper, we investigate a number of possible fabrication defects in the spin chains themselves as well as the effect of nonsynchronous or imperfect input operations, with a focus on the case of multiple excitation and qubit transfer. We consider both entangled and unentangled states and, in particular, the transfer of an entangled pair of adjacent spins at one end of a chain under the mirroring rule and also the creation of entanglement resulting from injection at both end spins.