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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Stark tuning of the atomic vapor quantum counter

Jerry A. Gelbwachs, C. Klein, John E. Wessel

Published Feb 1, 1980• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The atomic vapor quantum counter (AVQC) offers the potential for efficient upconversion of narrow-band IR radiation. This paper explores wavelength tuning of the AVQC by the application of an electric field (Stark effect). Model calculations indicate the Stark effect in combination with the proper selection of IR transitions in the atomic vapor can yield continuous tuning across the entire2-20 \mum spectral region. Experimental results near 10 μm have demonstrated over 23 cm-1tuning on a single potassium vapor transition. Thirteen CO2laser wavelengths were scanned in this fashion.

DOI
10.1109/jqe.1980.1070452

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The atomic vapor quantum counter (AVQC) offers the potential for efficient upconversion of narrow-band IR radiation. This paper explores wavelength tuning of the AVQC by the application of an electric field (Stark effect). Model calculations indicate the Stark effect in combination with the proper selection of IR transitions in the atomic vapor can yield continuous tuning across the entire2-20 \mum spectral region. Experimental results near 10 μm have demonstrated over 23 cm-1tuning on a single potassium vapor transition. Thirteen CO2laser wavelengths were scanned in this fashion.
A novel device for the upconversion of narrow-band infra-red (IR) radiation in the 1.5-20-µm spectral region is described. The atomic-vapor quantum counter (AVQC) takes advantage of the efficient incoherent upconversion of narrow-band IR radiation in an optically excited atomic vapor. In a 300 K background and a 2π-sr field of view, a D*is projected that is two orders of magnitude greater than that of conventional semiconductor devices. The device offers the extremely high Q's (>105) associated with heterodyne detection while simultaneously offering a broad tuning range and an unlimited collection aperture. The anticipated performance characteristics of the AVQC are discussed, Experimental results in sodium and potassium have demonstrated the high Q and the tunability of the device. Electric field tuning of the wavelength response to CO2laser wavelengths spanning 23 cm-1has been accomplished. Applications of the AVQC involving the detection of low level laser radiation and molecular emission are discussed.
An efficient technique for the detection of nartowband infrared radiation by up-conversion in an optically saturated atomic vapor is described. The strong transition cross sections provided by the resonance interactions combined with the narrow Doppler spectral response profile contribute to the potential to approach quantum-noise-limited performance. Experimental results confirm the model of the detection process for sodium transitions at 1.48, 2.34, and 3.42 μ. The predicted ultimate noise equivalent power (NEP) of this device is less than 10-17W/Hz1/2in the1.5-5-\muspectral region.
We demonstrate a method for broadband tunable continuous frequency electric field measurement based on the DC Stark effect in Rydberg atoms. In our experiment, we place a pair of parallel electrode plates inside the atomic vapor cell, utilizing the DC Stark effect to induce splitting and shifting of the Rydberg energy levels, thereby altering the resonance frequency of the Stark subpeaks. By employing the 52D5/2 Rydberg state, we achieve electric field measurements in the frequency range of 5.083–14.470 GHz. At an EDC of 3.45 V/cm and a resonant microwave frequency of 14.470 GHz, using heterodyne technology, the microwave electric field sensitivity is 538.89 μV/cm/√Hz, with a linear dynamic range of 23 dB. In comparison, a Rydberg heterodyne receiver with an EDC of 0 V/cm and a resonant microwave frequency of 5.083 GHz has a sensitivity of 5.43 μV/cm/√Hz and a linear dynamic range of 51 dB. This work will promote the study of atomic microwave receivers in continuous microwave frequency measurement.
An experiment on Ramsey interferometry of the 37S 1/2 → 37P 1/2 microwave transition in sodium Rydberg atoms has been performed. Interaction of Rydberg atoms with a cw microwave radiation was effectively controlled by a pulse of weak (<1 V cm −1 ) electric field, that manipulated the transition frequency near 70 050 MHz. The pulse detuned the microwave radiation from exact resonance, and induced additional phases to the wavefunctions of Rydberg states due to the quadratic Stark shifts. As a result, the Ramsey fringes were observable both on scanning the frequency of the microwave field and on scanning the strength of the electric field pulse. The experiment confirmed that this Stark-switching technique provides a fast and effective control of the atom–light interactions, and preserves the atomic coherence. Possible applications of this technique to experiments on quantum computers are discussed.
We demonstrate the continuous broadband microwave receivers based on AC Stark shifts and Floquet states of Rydberg levels in a cesium atomic vapor cell. The resonant transition frequency of two adjacent Rydberg states 78 S1/2 and 78 P1/2 is tuned based on AC Stark effect of 70 MHz radio frequency (RF) field that is applied outside the vapor cell. The use of the j=1/2 Rydberg states ensures that only a single mj sublevel is involved. The generated Rydberg Floquet states act to enhance the sensitivity of the AC-Stark-tuned states when the frequency is matched and further extend the bandwidths. We achieve microwave field measurements with over 1.172 GHz continuous frequency tuning and a sensitivity ranging from 280.2 nVcm−1Hz−1/2 to 14.6 μ Vcm−1Hz−1/2. The achieving of continuous frequency and high sensitivity microwave detection will promote the application of Rydberg receivers in the radar technique and wireless communication.