The theory of optical-microwave double resonance is extended to the case of the off-resonant optical field. Line shapes for fixed optical and variable microwave frequencies are calculated under various conditions by the density matrix method. Analytical expressions are given for small microwave or small optical saturation. When the off-resonance is much greater than the Doppler width of the optical transition, optical Stark effect and optical-microwave two-photon transition are the principal effects. When the signal is observed as a variation of microwave absorption, the former effect is much stronger than the latter. When the signal is detected optically, the two-photon and the stepwise transitions for small microwave saturation are the effects with the same order of magnitude, while the optical Stark effect is a secondary effect. The line shapes are also calculated numerically for arbitrary microwave and optical saturation.The theory of optical-microwave double resonance is extended to the case of the off-resonant optical field. Line shapes for fixed optical and variable microwave frequencies are calculated under various conditions by the density matrix method. Analytical expressions are given for small microwave or small optical saturation. When the off-resonance is much greater than the Doppler width of the optical transition, optical Stark effect and optical-microwave two-photon transition are the principal effects. When the signal is observed as a variation of microwave absorption, the former effect is much stronger than the latter. When the signal is detected optically, the two-photon and the stepwise transitions for small microwave saturation are the effects with the same order of magnitude, while the optical Stark effect is a secondary effect. The line shapes are also calculated numerically for arbitrary microwave and optical saturation.

Japanese Journal of Applied PhysicsJan 1, 197811 citations

Optical rotary saturation in a gas

Yehiam Prior, J. A. Kash, Erwin Louis Hahn

The optical analog of the nuclear magnetic resonance rotary saturation effect is demonstrated and analyzed. A 9.6-\ensuremath{\mu}m C ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ laser resonance excitation of vibrational transitions in gaseous C ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ F creates an effective splitting in the interaction representation of the optical two-level system. A radio-frequency standing-wave Stark electric field is tuned in rotary saturation resonance with the splitting. The change in transmitted laser beam intensity, because of rotary resonance, is measured in terms of transient optical signals obtained by the Stark switching method of Brewer and Shoemaker. The measured single and multiphoton rotary saturation resonance signals are compared with perturbation and computer solutions of nonlinear Bloch-Maxwell macroscopic equations. Doppler-free rotary saturation spectra are obtained in the presence of inhomogeneous Doppler broadening by a special scheme of Fourier analysis. A discussion is presented of the coupling of energy between two traveling waves that are in double resonance with the optical two-level system. The concept of spin temperature is discussed in relation to a coherently excited optical level system with a long fluorescence lifetime. The possibility of a cross-relaxation double resonance experiment between an optical system and a spin system is outlined.The optical analog of the nuclear magnetic resonance rotary saturation effect is demonstrated and analyzed. A 9.6-\ensuremath{\mu}m C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ laser resonance excitation of vibrational transitions in gaseous C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$F creates an effective splitting in the interaction representation of the optical two-level system. A radio-frequency standing-wave Stark electric field is tuned in rotary saturation resonance with the splitting. The change in transmitted laser beam intensity, because of rotary resonance, is measured in terms of transient optical signals obtained by the Stark switching method of Brewer and Shoemaker. The measured single and multiphoton rotary saturation resonance signals are compared with perturbation and computer solutions of nonlinear Bloch-Maxwell macroscopic equations. Doppler-free rotary saturation spectra are obtained in the presence of inhomogeneous Doppler broadening by a special scheme of Fourier analysis. A discussion is presented of the coupling of energy between two traveling waves that are in double resonance with the optical two-level system. The concept of spin temperature is discussed in relation to a coherently excited optical level system with a long fluorescence lifetime. The possibility of a cross-relaxation double resonance experiment between an optical system and a spin system is outlined.

Physical Review ADec 1, 19789 citations

The optical Stark effect in an active laser medium

R F Mardanov, Ю Е Польский

Soviet Journal of Quantum ElectronicsFeb 1, 19760 citations

Resonant four-wave parametric interactions: Adiabatic formulation

Thomas A. DeTemple, M. Gurnick, François Henri Julien

The density-matrix approach, in the quasistatic or adiabatic limit, is applied to the case of resonant four-wave interactions in four-level systems resulting in explicit analytical expressions for the nonlinear optical parametric and nonparametric polarizations, including ac Stark effects. The results are applicable to any closed-linkage diagram of this type but are applied only to the specific case of resonant frequency tripling. The results revealed the presence of up to six Stark-shifted nonparametric resonances and the presence of saturation and interference effects on the parametric susceptibility. In particular, the third-order susceptibility is shown to saturate to a very small value under high-field conditions which restricts the range of useful pump intensities. Under near-resonant to resonant conditions, these imply that because of either nonparametric loss present at the pump or harmonic frequencies or power-dependent dispersive and saturation effects, conversion efficiencies higher than 25% may be difficult to realize in practice.The density-matrix approach, in the quasistatic or adiabatic limit, is applied to the case of resonant four-wave interactions in four-level systems resulting in explicit analytical expressions for the nonlinear optical parametric and nonparametric polarizations, including ac Stark effects. The results are applicable to any closed-linkage diagram of this type but are applied only to the specific case of resonant frequency tripling. The results revealed the presence of up to six Stark-shifted nonparametric resonances and the presence of saturation and interference effects on the parametric susceptibility. In particular, the third-order susceptibility is shown to saturate to a very small value under high-field conditions which restricts the range of useful pump intensities. Under near-resonant to resonant conditions, these imply that because of either nonparametric loss present at the pump or harmonic frequencies or power-dependent dispersive and saturation effects, conversion efficiencies higher than 25% may be difficult to realize in practice.

Physical Review AMay 1, 198810 citations

The optical analog of the nuclear magnetic resonance rotary saturation effect is demonstrated and analyzed. A 9.6-\ensuremath{\mu}m C

{\mathrm{O}}_{2}

laser resonance excitation of vibrational transitions in gaseous C

{\mathrm{H}}_{3}

F creates an effective splitting in the interaction representation of the optical two-level system. A radio-frequency standing-wave Stark electric field is tuned in rotary saturation resonance with the splitting. The change in transmitted laser beam intensity, because of rotary resonance, is measured in terms of transient optical signals obtained by the Stark switching method of Brewer and Shoemaker. The measured single and multiphoton rotary saturation resonance signals are compared with perturbation and computer solutions of nonlinear Bloch-Maxwell macroscopic equations. Doppler-free rotary saturation spectra are obtained in the presence of inhomogeneous Doppler broadening by a special scheme of Fourier analysis. A discussion is presented of the coupling of energy between two traveling waves that are in double resonance with the optical two-level system. The concept of spin temperature is discussed in relation to a coherently excited optical level system with a long fluorescence lifetime. The possibility of a cross-relaxation double resonance experiment between an optical system and a spin system is outlined.