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Physical Review A

System of fermions confined in a harmonic potential and subject to a magnetic field or a rotational motion

Houda Naïdja, K. Bencheikh, Johann Bartel, P. Quentin

Published May 27, 2011• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Making use of the Bloch density matrix technique, we derive exact analytical expressions for the density profile in Fourier space, for the current density and the so-called integrated current for fermionic systems confined by a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator, in the presence of a magnetic field or in a rotating trap of arbitrary strength. We present numerical, illustrative examples with or without magnetic field (with or without rotation).

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.053631

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Making use of the Bloch density matrix technique, we derive exact analytical expressions for the density profile in Fourier space, for the current density and the so-called integrated current for fermionic systems confined by a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator, in the presence of a magnetic field or in a rotating trap of arbitrary strength. We present numerical, illustrative examples with or without magnetic field (with or without rotation).
An analytical expression for the first-order density matrix of a charged, two-dimensional, harmonically confined quantum gas, in the presence of a constant magnetic field is derived. Our approach is nonpertabative, and is therefore exact for any temperature and magnetic field strength. We also present a useful factorization of the Bloch density matrix in the form of a simple product with a clean separation of the zero-field and field-dependent parts. This factorization provides an alternative way of analytically investigating the effects of the magnetic field on the system, and also permits the extension of our analysis to other dimensions, and/or anisotropic confinement.
We investigate the angular momentum of a two-dimensional non-interacting Fermi gas confined in a rotating harmonic trap. By employing a quantum statistical approach, analytical expressions for the angular momentum are derived and analyzed as functions of particle number and rotation frequency. The rotational motion introduces a shell structure in the energy spectrum, giving rise to oscillatory behavior analogous to the de Haas–van Alphen oscillations observed in electronic systems subjected to magnetic fields. Numerical calculations reveal that these oscillations are most pronounced for weak rotation and small particle numbers, while they become progressively damped as the particle number increases. The results emphasize the close analogy between ultracold rotating gases and charged particles in magnetic fields and provide further insight into quantum rotational effects in confined Fermi systems.
A new method is proposed in evaluating the Bloch density matrix for a three-dimensional charged harmonic oscillator placed in a constant magnetic field. The method first reduces the operator exp (- beta H) to a product of several factors of a simple nature by using the commutation relations among the Hamiltonian components and by performing some transformations on the Hamiltonian, and then calculates the matrix element. The method is especially efficient when the system has a rotational symmetry around the axis parallel to the magnetic field, but it is also useful in other cases. A generalised problem in which a uniform electric field coexists is also discussed. To make the whole discussion consistent, the density matrix for a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator, which plays an essential role in the whole problem, is recalculated in the spirit of this method, and it is shown that the present method derives the well known form of the Bloch density matrix for this system in a quite elementary way, without reference to any advanced knowledge of eigenfunctions.
We provide a detailed study of the properties of a few interacting spin 1 / 2 fermions trapped in a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential. The interaction is assumed to be well represented by a contact delta potential. Numerical results obtained by means of direct diagonalization techniques are combined with analytical expressions for both the non-interacting and strongly interacting regime. The N = 2 case is used to benchmark our numerical techniques with the known exact solution of the problem. After a detailed description of the numerical methods, in a tutorial-like manner, we present the static properties of the system for N = 2 , 3 , 4 and 5 particles, e.g., low-energy spectrum, one-body density matrix, ground-state densities. Then, we consider dynamical properties of the system exploring first the excitation of the breathing mode, using the dynamical structure function and corresponding sum-rules, and then a sudden quench of the interaction strength.
In this paper, we consider Dirac fermion confined in harmonic potential and submitted to a constant magnetic field. The corresponding solutions of the energy spectrum are obtained by using the path integral techniques. For this, we begin by establishing a symmetric global projection, which provides a symmetric form for the Green function. Based on this, we show that it is possible to end up with the propagator of the harmonic oscillator for one charged particle. After some transformations, we derive the normalized wave functions and the eigenvalues in terms of different physical parameters and quantum numbers. By interchanging quantum numbers, we show that our solutions have interesting properties. The density of current and the nonrelativistic limit are analyzed where different conclusions are obtained. Finally, the completeness of the Dirac oscillator eigenfunctions is proved by using the standard properties of the generalized Laguerre polynomials.