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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Ising-model Monte Carlo simulations: Density of states and mass gap

Nelson A. Alves, Bernd A. Berg, Ramon Villanova

Published Jan 1, 1990• 97 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have performed Monte Carlo simulations for the three-dimensional Ising model. Using histogram techniques, we calculate the density of states on ${L}^{3}$ block lattices up to size L=14. Statistical jackknife methods are employed to perform a thorough error analysis. We obtain high-precision estimates for the leading zeros of the partition function, which, using finite-size scaling, translate into \ensuremath{\nu}=0.6285\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0019. Along a different line of approach following recent work in lattice-gauge theories, we accurately determine the mass gap m=1/\ensuremath{\xi} (\ensuremath{\xi} correlation length) for cylindrical ${L}^{2}$${L}_{z}$ lattices (with ${L}_{z}$=256 and L up to 12). The finite-size-scaling analysis of the mass-gap data leads to \ensuremath{\nu}=0.6321\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0019.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.41.383

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We have performed Monte Carlo simulations for the three-dimensional Ising model. Using histogram techniques, we calculate the density of states on L3{L}^{3}L3 block lattices up to size L=14. Statistical jackknife methods are employed to perform a thorough error analysis. We obtain high-precision estimates for the leading zeros of the partition function, which, using finite-size scaling, translate into \ensuremath{\nu}=0.6285\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0019. Along a different line of approach following recent work in lattice-gauge theories, we accurately determine the mass gap m=1/\ensuremath{\xi} (\ensuremath{\xi} correlation length) for cylindrical {L}^{2}$${L}_{z} lattices (with Lz{L}_{z}Lz​=256 and L up to 12). The finite-size-scaling analysis of the mass-gap data leads to \ensuremath{\nu}=0.6321\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0019.
Monte Carlo simulations are performed for first-order phase-transition models. The three-dimensional three-state Potts model has a weak first-order transition. For this model we calculate the density of states on L3{\mathit{L}}^{3}L3 block lattices (L up to size 36) and obtain high-precision estimates for the leading partition-function zeros. The finite-size-scaling analysis of the first zero exhibits the expected convergence of the critical exponent \ensuremath{\nu} toward 1/D for large L; in particular, we find \ensuremath{\nu}=2.955(26) from our two largest lattices. Analysis of our specific-heat Cv{\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{v}}Cv​ data yields l=0.080 31(26) for the latent heat. Along another line of approach, we calculate the mass gap m=1/\ensuremath{\xi} (\ensuremath{\xi} is the correlation length) for cylindrical L2{\mathit{L}}^{2}L2Lz{\mathit{L}}_{\mathit{z}}Lz​ lattices (L up to 24 and Lz{\mathit{L}}_{\mathit{z}}Lz​=256). The finite size-scaling analysis of these results is also consistent with the convergence of \ensuremath{\nu} toward 1/D, but that the limiting value is 1/D is not yet conclusively established. Some theoretical arguments favor \ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 in case of a first-order transition in a cylindrical ${\mathit{L}}^{\mathit{D}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$\ensuremath{\infty} geometry. Therefore, we also applied our approach to the 2D ten-state Potts model, which is known to have a strong first-order transition. In this case we find unambiguous evidence in favor of 1/D as the limiting value.
Using recently developed histogram techniques and an ultrafast multispin coding simulation algorithm, we have investigated the critical behavior of the d=3 simple-cubic Ising model. We have studied lattice sizes ranging from L=8 to 96 using between 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}106{10}^{6}106 and 12\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}106{10}^{6}106 Monte Carlo steps (complete lattice updates). By accurately measuring the finite-size behavior of several different thermodynamic quantities, we are able to determine the critical properties with a precision comparable to that obtained with Monte Carlo renormalization-group and sophisticated series-expansion techniques. The best estimate of the inverse critical temperature from our analysis is Kc{\mathit{K}}_{\mathit{c}}Kc​=0.221 659 5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000 002 6. The advantages of the histogram technique are discussed, as are the potential problems that can arise at this level of resolution.
We perform a high-statistics simulation of the three-dimensional randomly dilute Ising model on cubic lattices L3 with L< or =256. We choose a particular value of the density, x=0.8, for which the leading scaling corrections are suppressed. We determine the critical exponents, obtaining nu=0.683(3), eta=0.035(2), beta=0.3535(17), and alpha=-0.049(9), in agreement with previous numerical simulations. We also estimate numerically the fixed-point values of the four-point zero-momentum couplings that are used in field-theoretical fixed-dimension studies. Although these results somewhat differ from those obtained using perturbative field theory, the field-theoretical estimates of the critical exponents do not change significantly if the Monte Carlo result for the fixed point is used. Finally, we determine the six-point zero-momentum couplings, relevant for the small-magnetization expansion of the equation of state, and the invariant amplitude ratio R(+)(xi) that expresses the universality of the free-energy density per correlation volume. We find R(+)(xi)=0.2885(15).
We give results from an accurate determination of the partition function of the three-dimensional Ising model on lattices of size up to 103{10}^{3}103. We compute the two complex zeros of Z closest to the real temperature axis. From a finite-size scaling analysis of these, we get the estimates \ensuremath{\nu}=0.6295(10) for the correlation-length exponent and \ensuremath{\varphi}=52.2(7) for the angle between the first two zeros and the real u=${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4\ensuremath{\beta}}$ axis.
We report single-cluster Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model on three-dimensional Poissonian random lattices with up to $128000\ensuremath{\approx}{50}^{3}$ sites which are linked together according to the Voronoi-Delaunay prescription. For each lattice size quenched averages are performed over 96 realizations. By using reweighting techniques and finite-size scaling analyses we investigate the critical properties of the model in the close vicinity of the phase transition point. Our random lattice data provide strong evidence that, for the available system sizes, the resulting effective critical exponents are indistinguishable from recent high-precision estimates obtained in Monte Carlo studies of the Ising model and ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ field theory on three-dimensional regular cubic lattices.
The density of states for the three-dimensional Ising model is calculated with high precision by means of multicanonical simulations. This allows us to estimate the leading partition function zeros for lattice sizes up to L = 32. We have evaluated the critical exponent ν and the correction to scaling through an analysis of a multi-parameter fit and of the Bulirsch-Stoer (BST) extrapolation algorithm. The performance of the BST algorithm is also explored in case of the 2D Ising model, where the exact partition function zeros are known.