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Optics and Spectroscopy

Change of quantum statistical properties of resonance radiation during its scattering by excited systems

B. A. Veklenko

Published Oct 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The effects of a quantized electromagnetic field manifest themselves at the macroscopic level during resonance radiation scattering by excited systems.
DOI
10.1134/s0030400x11110324

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Scattering of a resonance electromagnetic field from excited atoms cannot be described by the semiclassical theory of radiation operating with nonquantized electromagnetic fields. Field quantization effects are manifested in this case on the macroscopic level and lead to evolution of statistical properties of radiation in the course of scattering. It is found that a combined process coupling elastic scattering from an atom and induced emission from the same atom, which cannot be studied by the methods of the standard perturbation theory, plays a significant role in this effect. The process of combined scattering in extended media exhibits coherent properties that cannot be described by the standard refractive index.
Quantum electrodynamics is a very cumbersome theory, and one tries to avoid it in applied problems. Experience shows that the semiclassical theory of radiation, which operates with a nonquantized elec� tromagnetic field, provides, as a rule, required accu� racy of calculations. The authority of the semiclassical theory of radiation has grown greatly, because it describes adequately the operation of quantum devices such as lasers. In this work we present an example that demon� strates the inadequacy of the semiclassical theory of radiation. It is shown that, upon resonance scattering of an electromagnetic field by excited systems, quanti� zation of the electromagnetic field is necessary and the consequences of this operation manifest themselves at the macroscopic level. Suppose that resonance radiation is scattered by a certain system, the initial state of which is described in the interaction representation by the wave function . The total wave function of the electromagnetic field and scattering system after the scattering is denoted by . Expansion of the function in terms of the basis of the wave functions of the scatterer has the form
The fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom excited by the field, whose state represents a superposition of the coherent states, is investigated. It is shown that to each mode of the quantum-statistical distribution of the incident field, a spectral mode of the scattered radiation corresponds, and one can determine the number of statistical modes of the incident field from the number of spectral modes of the scattered field. This result is a consequence of the fact that in the quasi-classical limit, statistical modes of the superimposed state interact with the atom independently of one another.