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AIP conference proceedings

Quantum optics in cavities and the classical limit of quantum mechanics

L. Davidovich

Published Jan 1, 1999• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

These lectures review some basic techniques of quantum optics, related to the description of the quantized electromagnetic field in phase space and of the interaction between atoms and photons in cavities. The Wigner function is introduced, and some of the methods for measuring this distribution are reviewed. The combination of phase space methods with cavity QED techniques is shown to lead to experiments which are closely connected to fundamental problems regarding the classical limit of quantum mechanics and the quantum theory of measurement.

DOI
10.1063/1.58234

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These lectures review some basic techniques of quantum optics, related to the description of the quantized electromagnetic field in phase space and of the interaction between atoms and photons in cavities. The Wigner function is introduced, and some of the methods for measuring this distribution are reviewed. The combination of phase space methods with cavity QED techniques is shown to lead to experiments which are closely connected to fundamental problems regarding the classical limit of quantum mechanics and the quantum theory of measurement.
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Progress in the fabrication of high quality optical cavities operating with semiconductor-based active media has promoted the semiconductor quantum optics. The materials interaction with coherent electromagnetic field is a subject of quantum electrodynamics (QED), a well developed science after discovery of lasers. Many of the QED areas incorporate atomic physics, classical electrodynamics, and quantum field theory. The chapter reviews basics of the Cavity QED (CQED) and several results in the field mostly related to the quantum dots. In optical version of CQED one drives the cavity with a laser and monitors changes in the cavity transmission resulting from coupling to atoms falling through the cavity. The high degree of coherence which could be achieved in modern CQED experiments makes them a basis for quantum control and quantum computing. Quantum technology show great potential for revolutionizing the methods for collecting and distributing information.
This book provides an elementary introduction to the subject of quantum optics, the study of the quantum mechanical nature of light and its interaction with matter. The presentation is almost entirely concerned with the quantized electromagnetic field. Topics covered include single-mode field quantization in a cavity, quantization of multimode fields, quantum phase, coherent states, quasi-probability distribution in phase space, atom-field interactions, the Jaynes-Cummings model, quantum coherence theory, beam splitters and interferometers, dissipative interactions, nonclassical field states with squeezing etc., 'Schrödinger cat' states, tests of local realism with entangled photons from down-conversion, experimental realizations of cavity quantum electrodynamics, trapped ions, decoherence, and some applications to quantum information processing, particularly quantum cryptography. The book contains many homework problems and an extensive bibliography. This text is designed for upper-level undergraduates taking courses in quantum optics who have already taken a course in quantum mechanics, and for first and second year graduate students.
Basic concepts of quantum optics are introduced in this chapter. In the beginning, we give a review of the basic quantum mechanics. Then, we perform quantization of an electromagnetic field, which naturally introduces the concept of mode and quadrature. After that, we introduce basic quantum states of light and their phase space representation. Quantum operations in the continuous-variable system and their universality are also explained. To obtain the values of the physical quantities, we have to measure our quantum systems. In the optical continuous-variable system, homodyne measurement and photon number measurement are among the most common measurements that are also discussed here. Finally, we introduce the concept of quantum entanglement, which is one of the central concepts in quantum computation.