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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Concomitant Larkin–Ovchinikov states in polarized atomic gases

C. J. Bolech, Leslie O. Baksmaty, Hong Bing Lu, Han Pu

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Fermionic superfluids continue to be a topic of current interest and debate in condensed matter and sub-nuclear physics. Recent experiments with laser-cooled atomic gas clouds of fermions seek to explore this physics and point out that discrepancies might arise due to different confining geometries. We reported on realistic numerical simulations with up to 100'000 atoms (a number comparable to that in the actual experiments) that shed light into what might be going on in the laboratory realizations.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012070

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Fermionic superfluids continue to be a topic of current interest and debate in condensed matter and sub-nuclear physics. Recent experiments with laser-cooled atomic gas clouds of fermions seek to explore this physics and point out that discrepancies might arise due to different confining geometries. We reported on realistic numerical simulations with up to 100'000 atoms (a number comparable to that in the actual experiments) that shed light into what might be going on in the laboratory realizations.
Recent ground-breaking experiments studying the effects of spin polarization on pairing in unitary Fermi gases encountered mutual qualitative and quantitative discrepancies which seem to be a function of the confining geometry. Using numerical algorithms we study the solution space for a three-dimensional fully self-consistent formulation of realistic systems with up to 105{10}^{5}105 atoms. A study of the three types of solutions obtained demonstrates a tendency toward metastability as the confining geometry is elongated. One of these solutions, which is consistent with Rice experiments at high trap aspect ratio, supports a state strikingly similar to the long sought Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state. Our study helps to resolve the long-standing controversy concerning the discrepancies between the findings from two different experimental groups and highlights the versatility of actual-size numerical calculations for investigating inhomogeneous fermionic superfluids.
The search for novel phases of quantum coherent matter has been one of the main driving forces in condensed matter physics for many years. The unprecedented experimental sophistication reached recently in ultracold atomic gases has opened new and exciting perspectives in this search. The ability to externally manipulate the interatomic interaction, the capacity to embed atomic clouds in optical lattices or confine them in low dimensions, as well as the possibility to prepare mixtures of atoms with different statistics and/or populations, is presenting an opportunity to realise and explore novel correlated phases of matter. During the lectures I will focus mainly on aspects of condensation and superfluidity phenomena in fermionic systems. Theoretical elements will be discussed together with recent experimental realisations.
Inspired by a recent observation of the supersolidity for bosonic atoms in a laser-assisted superlattice potential [J. Li, et. al., Nature 543, 91 (2017)], we consider an attractive two-component degenerate Fermi gas in a bilayer structure with two atomic hyperfine ground states involved. We find that the synthetic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) induced by the laser-assisted interlayer tunneling has a dramatical effect both on the two-body and many-body physics for atomic fermions. A bound molecular state appears, and the molecular dispersion can contain two minima at finite momenta even for vanishing intra- and inter-layer detunings. This is responsible for the pairing instability of the underlying attractive Fermi gas. As a result, the ground state of the system is found to be a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinikov (FFLO) superfluid with a spontaneous density-modulation of the order parameter. Due to the specific pairing mechanism in this system, the FFLO state is robust and appears in a wide parameter regime with the characteristic pairing momentum on the order of the SOC strength. The unique features of the two-body and many-body state can be observed in current experiments with ultracold atoms.