Laws of nature, probability and time symmetry breaking

John Onimisi Obidi

We reformulate quantum field theory within the framework of the Theory of Entropicity (ToE), where entropy operates as a fundamental dynamical field that governs probability flow, irreversibility, and symmetry breaking. By introducing an entropy-dependent field operator into the quantum evolution, we derive a new probability law that unifies wavefunction collapse and black hole information loss as irreversible transfers of amplitude into an unobservable entropy sector. This entropy-based formulation explicitly breaks time-reversal symmetry, requiring a revised CPT law to restore invariance. In this view, matter and antimatter obey distinct entropy dynamics: entropy suppresses CP violation in electromagnetism and the strong interaction, while enhancing it in the weak force. We derive entropy-corrected CP-violating phases and show how decay rates are modified in high-entropy environments, with implications for particle physics and cosmology. Extending standard quantum speed limits, we introduce an entropic speed bound and a thermodynamic uncertainty principle, treating energy and entropy fluctuations as co-equal resources. This leads to a new entropic time limit that defines a minimal duration for any interaction or measurement. These results constrain the performance limits of quantum gates, error correction, and measurement resolution, offering practical metrics for resilient quantum architectures. Recent developments such as Google’s Willow quantum processor and Microsoft’s Majorana qubits naturally align with ToE’s predictions. We also analyze and extend the Total Entropic Quantity (TEQ) framework proposed by David Sigtermans and introduce an Entropic Noether Principle, linking traditional conservation laws to entropy-constrained symmetries. Experimental tests are proposed to distinguish ToE predictions from the Standard Model.

Simon W. Saunders

Lazar Mayants

Jasper van Wezel

The symmetries that govern the laws of nature can be spontaneously broken, enabling the occurrence of ordered states. Crystals arise from the breaking of translation symmetry, magnets from broken spin rotation symmetry and massive particles break a phase rotation symmetry. Time translation symmetry can be spontaneously broken in exactly the same way. The order associated with this form of spontaneous symmetry breaking is characterised by the emergence of quantum state reduction: systems which spontaneously break time translation symmetry act as ideal measurement machines. In this review the breaking of time translation symmetry is first compared to that of other symmetries such as spatial translations and rotations. It is then discussed how broken time translation symmetry gives rise to the process of quantum state reduction and how it generates a pointer basis, Born’s rule, etc. After a comparison between this model and alternative approaches to the problem of quantum state reduction, the experimental implications and possible tests of broken time translation symmetry in realistic experimental settings are discussed.

Ilya Prigogine

J. Anandan

The nature of a physical law is examined, and the possibility that there may not be any laws is suggested. It is argued that much of the regularities we observe in nature may be explained by symmetries. This approach gives an arrow of time which is consistent with the one given by the second law of thermodynamics. Also, it builds in the indeterminacy of quantum theory from the outset and enables quantum probabilities to be derived from the geometry of Hilbert space.