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Journal of Modern Optics

Optical properties of an inhomogeneously broadened ΛV-system with multiple excited states

Paramjit Kaur, Vineet Bharti, Ajay Wasan

Published Jun 26, 2014• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a theoretical model using a density matrix approach to show the influence of multiple excited states on the optical properties of an inhomogeneously broadened V-system of the Rb D2 line. These closely spaced multiple excited states cause asymmetry in absorption and dispersion profiles. We observe the reduced absorption profiles, due to dressed state interactions of the applied electromagnetic fields, which results the Mollow sideband-like transparency windows. In a room temperature vapor, we obtain a narrow enhanced absorption and steep positive dispersion at the line center when the strengths of control and pump fields are equal. Here, we show how the probe transmittance varies when it passes through the atomic medium. We also discuss the transient behavior of our system which agrees well with the corresponding absorption and dispersion profiles. This study has potential applications in controllability of group velocity, and for optical and quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2014.931479

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We present a theoretical model using a density matrix approach to show the influence of multiple excited states on the optical properties of an inhomogeneously broadened V-system of the Rb D2 line. These closely spaced multiple excited states cause asymmetry in absorption and dispersion profiles. We observe the reduced absorption profiles, due to dressed state interactions of the applied electromagnetic fields, which results the Mollow sideband-like transparency windows. In a room temperature vapor, we obtain a narrow enhanced absorption and steep positive dispersion at the line center when the strengths of control and pump fields are equal. Here, we show how the probe transmittance varies when it passes through the atomic medium. We also discuss the transient behavior of our system which agrees well with the corresponding absorption and dispersion profiles. This study has potential applications in controllability of group velocity, and for optical and quantum information processing.
We present a six-level atomic system using a density matrix approach to show variation of the optical properties in an -type Doppler-broadened system for the D2 line of alkali atoms with the nuclear spin I = 3/2, i.e. 87 Rb, 23 Na and 7 Li. The variation in optical properties arises due to the presence of multiple excited states with varying separations. These excited states cause asymmetry in absorption profiles. This asymmetric nature is more prominent for an atom with more closely spaced hyperfine levels in the excited state. In room temperature atomic vapour, the enhanced absorption at the line centre starts to disappear with a decrease in hyperfine separation. We also discuss the transient behaviour of considered atoms, which is in good agreement with an absorption profile in each case. This approach opens a possibility of realizing the optical switching application in a realistic atom.
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Coherent Population Trapping in An Inhomogeneously Broadened Λ\LambdaΛ-System with Multiple Excited States
We present a theoretical model using density matrix approach to study the phenomenon of coherent population trapping (CPT) in the Λ\LambdaΛ-type Doppler broadened system with multiple excited states. A multi-level Λ\LambdaΛ-system is formed by considering the closely spaced hyperfine levels in the D2 line of 87^{87}87Rb. The presence of closely spaced hyperfine levels affects the transparency window and cause asymmetry in absorption profiles. We observe the sharp CPT dip when the frequency difference of applied fields is equal to the frequency separation between two ground levels. This dip demonstrates that the system is trapped in the dark state. By performing a thermal averaging in the Doppler-broadened Λ\LambdaΛ-system, we have shown that the transparency window becomes narrower and its linewidth decreases at higher temperature. This study has potential applications in precision measurements due to the small linewidth of the transparency window.
We investigate coherent pump–probe spectroscopy of a medium of atoms in Λ configuration with a closely placed adjacent excited level. The presence of the additional level results in two simultaneous Λ resonances excited by the same pair of pump and probe fields. A master equation framework is used to discuss the probe absorption spectrum and dispersion in the absence/presence of inhomogeneous broadening, and the results are illustrated by using a model four-level system in the D2 transition of 85Rb. The system is observed to exhibit additional interference effects arising from two competing Λ resonances. These effects manifest in terms of linewidths of the triplet dressed state spectrum and suppression of the subnatural peak for the stationary atoms. The effect on electromagnetically induced transparency is discussed in the light of its shape, position and linewidth. The discussion is further augmented by the study of a six-level model as applicable to the D2 transition of 85Rb. The analysis presented here provides a realistic theoretical description of the pump–probe spectroscopy of hyperfine transitions of alkali atoms.
Abstract In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of the burning of a narrow transparency window on the enhanced absorption spectrum of a probe laser in a triple resonance configuration visualized as a V-type plus a two-level system. The transparency window is due to coherence effects causing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a V-type system (i.e. Autler–Townes splitting plus quantum interference), for atomic vapor at a finite temperature. Additionally, the EIT window is enhanced by velocity induced population oscillation effect, velocity selective saturation effect, optical pumping effect (a source of ground state level population dynamics) and wavelength mismatch of the resonant laser fields forming a V-type configuration.
Abstract We have theoretically studied the multi-window electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and the related dispersive signals in multi-level V-type systems which are formed by the co-propagating circularly polarized pump ( σ − ) and probe ( σ + ) laser fields in the Zeeman sublevels of hyperfine states of 87 Rb-D 2 line. The optical Bloch equations (OBEs) are derived and numerically solved under the steady-state condition to obtain the probe absorption and dispersion spectra. We present the study of a single-window EIT for the three-level, double-window EIT for the four-level and triple-window EIT for the five-level V-type systems under both Doppler-free and Doppler-broadened conditions. The dispersive signals corresponding to the multi EIT windows for each system are also observed separately. From the knowledge of the slopes of the probe dispersion signals, we have calculated group index ( n g ) of the medium considering three different V-type schemes. The effect of temperature on the EIT, dispersion and group index profiles is also studied in detail. It is found that the amplitudes of EIT and dispersion signals and also the positive and negative values of n g are decreased as the temperature of the medium increases. To understand the Doppler-broadening effect on the group index profiles, we have considered three different velocity groups of atoms in the calculation of group index profiles. Moreover, the effects of probe intensity variation on the Doppler-broadened EIT and dispersive signals are studied extensively, and the conversions of EIT to EIA and dispersive positive slope to negative slope are observed under strong probe regime. Also, we have investigated the variation of dispersive slope and group index with the variation of probe intensity and probe frequency, respectively, at the multi-frequency position of the multi-window EIT. Finally, the switching between subluminal (slow light) to superluminal (fast light) propagation of light with the variation of both probe intensity and probe frequency is discussed in detail.