Physical Review A

Magneto-optical trapping of metastable xenon: Isotope-shift measurements

M. Walhout, Henry J. L. Megens, A. Witte, S. L. Rolston

Published Aug 1, 1993• 70 citations

Abstract

We have magneto-optically trapped the nine stable isotopes of xenon. Using the Zeeman slowing method to decelerate a beam of xenon atoms in the metastable 6s 3/2 [3/2${]}_{2}$ state (notation representing nl ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathrm{core}}$ [K=${\mathit{J}}_{\mathrm{core}}$+l${]}_{\mathit{J}}$), we load our trap to a collisionally limited density of more than ${10}^{10}$ atoms/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. The two odd isotopes are trapped without a repumping frequency, even though they have hyperfine structure. The sensitivity of the trapping process to the laser frequency is exploited to make accurate measurements of the isotope shifts for the 6s 3/2 [3/2${]}_{2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6p 3/2 [5/2${]}_{3}$ laser-cooling transition and of the hyperfine constants for $^{131}\mathrm{Xe}$.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.r879

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Apr 28, 20210 citations

Physical Review A

Magneto-optical trapping of metastable xenon: Isotope-shift measurements

M. Walhout, Henry J. L. Megens, A. Witte, S. L. Rolston

Published Aug 1, 1993• 70 citations

Publisher

Abstract

We have magneto-optically trapped the nine stable isotopes of xenon. Using the Zeeman slowing method to decelerate a beam of xenon atoms in the metastable 6s 3/2 [3/2

{]}_{2}

state (notation representing nl

{\mathit{J}}_{\mathrm{core}}

[K=

{\mathit{J}}_{\mathrm{core}}

{]}_{\mathit{J}}

), we load our trap to a collisionally limited density of more than

{10}^{10}

atoms/

{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}

. The two odd isotopes are trapped without a repumping frequency, even though they have hyperfine structure. The sensitivity of the trapping process to the laser frequency is exploited to make accurate measurements of the isotope shifts for the 6s 3/2 [3/2

{]}_{2}

\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6p 3/2 [5/2

{]}_{3}

laser-cooling transition and of the hyperfine constants for

^{131}\mathrm{Xe}

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.r879

Related papers

Magneto-optical trapping of optically pumped metastable europium

Ryotaro Inoue, Yuki Miyazawa, Mikio Kozuma

We demonstrate laser cooling and magneto-optical trapping of europium. The atoms are optically pumped to a metastable state and then loaded from an atomic-beam source via conventional Zeeman slowing and magneto-optical trapping techniques using a $J=13/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=15/2$ quasicyclic transition. The trapped populations contained up to $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ atoms, and a two-body loss rate is estimated as $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$ from the nonexponential loss of atoms at high densities. We also observed leakage out of the quasicyclic transition to the two metastable states with $J=9/2$ and $11/2$ , which is adequate to pump the laser-cooled atoms back to the $J=7/2$ ground state.We demonstrate laser cooling and magneto-optical trapping of europium. The atoms are optically pumped to a metastable state and then loaded from an atomic-beam source via conventional Zeeman slowing and magneto-optical trapping techniques using a $J=13/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=15/2$ quasicyclic transition. The trapped populations contained up to $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ atoms, and a two-body loss rate is estimated as $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$ from the nonexponential loss of atoms at high densities. We also observed leakage out of the quasicyclic transition to the two metastable states with $J=9/2$ and $11/2$, which is adequate to pump the laser-cooled atoms back to the $J=7/2$ ground state.

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Physical Review AAug 1, 1999166 citations

Magneto-optical trapping of holmium atoms

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Jackson Schrott, Scott Eustice, Pouya Sadeghpour +5 more

We report on magneto-optical trapping of the two fermionic isotopes of atomic titanium, $^{47}$ Ti and $^{49}$ Ti. Unlike the even mass-number isotopes, which were recently laser cooled, $^{47}$ Ti and $^{49}$ Ti have nonzero nuclear spins and, consequently, their atomic levels are split by hyperfine structure. Combining and comparing theoretical calculations and atomic beam-spectroscopy measurements, we determine the hyperfine structures and isotope shifts of the $\mathrm{3d^24s^2}$ $\mathrm{a^3F_4\rightarrow 3d^2(^3P)4s4p(^3P^o)}$ $\mathrm{y^5D_4^o}$ optical-pumping transition at optical wavelength 391nm and the $\mathrm{3d^3(^4F)4s}$ $\mathrm{a^5F_5\rightarrow 3d^3(^4F)4p}$ $\mathrm{y^5G_6^o}$ laser-cooling transition at wavelength 498nm. With this information, we produce magneto-optical traps of both $^{47}$ Ti and $^{49}$ Ti by applying two additional tones of light to repump atoms to the maximum-spin states on the laser-cooling transition. Directly loading from the atomic flux of a titanium sublimation pump, we produce $^{47}$ Ti and $^{49}$ Ti traps with 731(190) and 1142(240) atoms, and with lifetimes of 330(15)ms and 310(8)ms, respectively.We report on magneto-optical trapping of the two fermionic isotopes of atomic titanium, $^{47}$Ti and $^{49}$Ti. Unlike the even mass-number isotopes, which were recently laser cooled, $^{47}$Ti and $^{49}$Ti have nonzero nuclear spins and, consequently, their atomic levels are split by hyperfine structure. Combining and comparing theoretical calculations and atomic beam-spectroscopy measurements, we determine the hyperfine structures and isotope shifts of the $\mathrm{3d^24s^2}$ $\mathrm{a^3F_4\rightarrow 3d^2(^3P)4s4p(^3P^o)}$ $\mathrm{y^5D_4^o}$ optical-pumping transition at optical wavelength 391nm and the $\mathrm{3d^3(^4F)4s}$ $\mathrm{a^5F_5\rightarrow 3d^3(^4F)4p}$ $\mathrm{y^5G_6^o}$ laser-cooling transition at wavelength 498nm. With this information, we produce magneto-optical traps of both $^{47}$Ti and $^{49}$Ti by applying two additional tones of light to repump atoms to the maximum-spin states on the laser-cooling transition. Directly loading from the atomic flux of a titanium sublimation pump, we produce $^{47}$Ti and $^{49}$Ti traps with 731(190) and 1142(240) atoms, and with lifetimes of 330(15)ms and 310(8)ms, respectively.

arXiv:2603.00282Physical Review AMay 21, 20261 citation

Magnetic trap of metastable europium atoms

Hiroki Matsui, Yuki Miyazawa, Ryotaro Inoue +1 more

We report the measurement of one-body loss rates for magnetically trapped metastable europium atoms and the study of their loss mechanism. The loss of atoms observed in a magneto-optical trap is not fully understood because of the indivisibility of the loss regarding optical pumpings due to the presence of cooling laser beams. We magnetically trap the atoms by directly loading from the magneto-optical trap and observe almost identical one-body loss rates of approximately $2.6\,\mathrm{s^{-1}}$ for two isotopes: $\mathrm{{}^{151}Eu}$ and $\mathrm{{}^{153}Eu}$ . Our rate-equation-based model, combined with loss rate measurements carried out with repumpers, shows that blackbody radiation at room temperature drives E1 transitions and induces the observed losses.We report the measurement of one-body loss rates for magnetically trapped metastable europium atoms and the study of their loss mechanism. The loss of atoms observed in a magneto-optical trap is not fully understood because of the indivisibility of the loss regarding optical pumpings due to the presence of cooling laser beams. We magnetically trap the atoms by directly loading from the magneto-optical trap and observe almost identical one-body loss rates of approximately $2.6\,\mathrm{s^{-1}}$ for two isotopes: $\mathrm{{}^{151}Eu}$ and $\mathrm{{}^{153}Eu}$. Our rate-equation-based model, combined with loss rate measurements carried out with repumpers, shows that blackbody radiation at room temperature drives E1 transitions and induces the observed losses.

Apr 28, 20210 citations

We have magneto-optically trapped the nine stable isotopes of xenon. Using the Zeeman slowing method to decelerate a beam of xenon atoms in the metastable 6s 3/2 [3/2

{]}_{2}

state (notation representing nl

{\mathit{J}}_{\mathrm{core}}

[K=

{\mathit{J}}_{\mathrm{core}}

{]}_{\mathit{J}}

), we load our trap to a collisionally limited density of more than

{10}^{10}

atoms/

{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}

{]}_{2}

\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6p 3/2 [5/2

{]}_{3}

laser-cooling transition and of the hyperfine constants for

^{131}\mathrm{Xe}

J=9/2

and

11/2

, which is adequate to pump the laser-cooled atoms back to the

J=7/2

ground state.

\mathrm{of}{ }^{170}\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{b},

{}^{171}\mathrm{Yb},

{}^{172}\mathrm{Yb},

{}^{173}\mathrm{Yb},

{}^{174}\mathrm{Yb},

and

{}^{176}\mathrm{Yb}

are successfully trapped. The number and density of the trapped atoms are about

{10}^{8}

and ${10}^{11} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3},$ respectively. The temperature of atoms is estimated to be about $20 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ from the time-of-flight measurement. The decay time of the trapped atoms after stopping the loading of atoms is about 3 s.

We demonstrate sub-Doppler laser cooling and magneto-optical trapping of the rare earth element Holmium. Atoms are loaded from an atomic beam source and captured in six-beam

σ_+ - σ_-

molasses using a strong

J=15/2 \leftrightarrow J=17/2

cycling transition at

λ=410.5 \rm nm

. Due to the small difference in hyperfine splittings and Landé

g

-factors in the lower and upper levels of the cooling transition the MOT is self-repumped without additional repump light, and deep sub-Doppler cooling is achieved with the magnetic trap turned on. We measure the leakage out of the cycling transition to metastable states and find a branching ratio

\sim 10^{-5}

which is adequate for state resolved measurements on hyperfine encoded qubits.

We report on magneto-optical trapping of the two fermionic isotopes of atomic titanium,

^{47}

Ti and

^{49}

Ti. Unlike the even mass-number isotopes, which were recently laser cooled,

^{47}

Ti and

^{49}

Ti have nonzero nuclear spins and, consequently, their atomic levels are split by hyperfine structure. Combining and comparing theoretical calculations and atomic beam-spectroscopy measurements, we determine the hyperfine structures and isotope shifts of the

\mathrm{3d^24s^2}

\mathrm{a^3F_4\rightarrow 3d^2(^3P)4s4p(^3P^o)}

\mathrm{y^5D_4^o}

optical-pumping transition at optical wavelength 391nm and the

\mathrm{3d^3(^4F)4s}

\mathrm{a^5F_5\rightarrow 3d^3(^4F)4p}

\mathrm{y^5G_6^o}

laser-cooling transition at wavelength 498nm. With this information, we produce magneto-optical traps of both

^{47}

Ti and

^{49}

Ti by applying two additional tones of light to repump atoms to the maximum-spin states on the laser-cooling transition. Directly loading from the atomic flux of a titanium sublimation pump, we produce

^{47}

Ti and

^{49}

Ti traps with 731(190) and 1142(240) atoms, and with lifetimes of 330(15)ms and 310(8)ms, respectively.

2.6\,\mathrm{s^{-1}}

for two isotopes:

\mathrm{{}^{151}Eu}

and

\mathrm{{}^{153}Eu}

. Our rate-equation-based model, combined with loss rate measurements carried out with repumpers, shows that blackbody radiation at room temperature drives E1 transitions and induces the observed losses.