The
S-matrix scheme allows a straightforward formalization of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen nonseparability either of distant measurements issuing from a common preparation, or of distant preparations converging into a common measurement. This implies Lorentz and
CPT invariance of the causality concept at the elementary level, which is a quantal and relativistic extension of the 1876 Loschmidt reversibility statement.
We show that the Tomonaga-Schwinger formalism in quantum field theory provides a manifestly Lorentz covariant description of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlated state defined on a curved-space-like surface. This avoids the notion of a universal time and clearly demarcates between the completion of the measuring process on a member of an EPR pair and its nonlocal effect on the state of its partner. Being reciprocal and restricted to a spacelike surface, the latter is deterministic but not causal and is consistent with Lorentz invariance.
We show that it is possible to define a Lorentz-covariant reduced spin density matrix for massive particles. Such a matrix allows one to calculate the mean values of observables connected with spin measurements (average polarizations). Moreover, it contains not only information about polarization of the particle but also information about its average kinematical state. We also use our formalism to calculate the correlation function in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen--Bohm type experiment with massive relativistic particles.