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Chinese Physics Letters

Population Inversion of a V-type Three-Level Atom due to the Effect of Cavity-Induced Quantum Interference

Gao‐xiang Li, PENG JIN-SHENG, Wu Shao-Ping, Huang Guang-ming

Published Dec 13, 2000• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A cavity-modified master equation is derived for a coherently driven V-type three-level atom coupled to a single-mode cavity in the bad cavity limit. The influences of the cavity-induced quantum interference on the steady-state populations are analysed. We show that the population inversion can occur due to the effect of cavity-induced quantum interference. PACS: 42. 50. Dv, 42. 50. Gy

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/18/1/317

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Physical Review A•Jun 11, 2009•17 citations
A cavity-modified master equation is derived for a coherently driven V-type three-level atom coupled to a single-mode cavity in the bad cavity limit. The influences of the cavity-induced quantum interference on the steady-state populations are analysed. We show that the population inversion can occur due to the effect of cavity-induced quantum interference. PACS: 42. 50. Dv, 42. 50. Gy
A cavity-modified master equation is derived for a coherently driven, V-type three-level atom coupled to a single-mode cavity in the bad-cavity limit. We show that population inversion in both the bare- and dressed-state bases may be achieved, originating from the enhancement of the atom-cavity interaction when the cavity is resonant with an atomic dressed-state transition. The atomic populations in the dressed-state representation are analyzed in terms of the cavity-modified transition rates. The atomic fluorescence spectrum and probe absorption spectrum are also investigated, and it is found that the spectral profiles may be controlled by adjusting the cavity frequency. Peak suppression and line narrowing occur under the appropriate conditions.
This thesis examines the effect of quantum interference occuring in a three-level atom in the V-configuration, on a variety of optical effects such as controlled spontaneous emission, population trapping, lasing without population inversion, controlled field intensity and photon statistics. Calculations are carried out numerically via the master equation approach and analytically using dressed atom analysis. Various atom-laser coupling configurations are investigated and dressed states identified in each case. The system is shown to exhibit trapping states for a variety of atom-laser coupling configurations. Moreover, the thesis focuses on the effect of quantum interference on a cavity QED system. Three different cavity detunings with respect to the entangled atom-laser system are considered. It is shown in each case how the singly dressed entangled system interacts with the cavity field to form entangled doubly dressed structures. Again, the system is shown to exhibit population trapping states with dependence on the cavity damping rate in one of the detunings considered. In addition, photon statistics of the cavity field are calculated and shown to be sensitive to the degree of quantum interference. Interestingly, controlled field intensity and sub-Poissonian statistics are obtained for certain parameters of the two off-resonance cases considered
We investigate quantum interference and classical-interference effects when three-level atoms in the ``$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$'' or ``V'' configuration interact with both a cavity-field mode and an external driving field mode. We describe electromagnetically induced transparency ($\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration), as well as a ``field-induced transparency'' (V configuration), and we go beyond the weak cavity-field studies of previous papers by utilizing a Heisenberg-picture density matrix approach. We find that under certain circumstances the cavity field evolves to be equal in magnitude to, but $180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ out of phase with, the external pump field when the pump-field frequency equals the cavity frequency, a surprising effect found in two-level atoms in a cavity excited by an external pump field that persists in three-level atoms. The better the cavity, the quicker this buildup occurs. When the cavity field reaches this ``out-of-phase'' condition, the resonance fluorescence from the atom in the cavity goes to zero. This is a purely classical-interference effect between the two out-of-phase fields, with the resonance fluorescence going to zero at the same time as the two excited state populations go to zero. This is quite different from the quantum interference that occurs under the right circumstances when the state populations are coherently driven into a linear combination that is decoupled from any applied field and population is trapped in the excited states (``coherent population trapping''). When the cavity frequency is tuned to the frequency at which quantum interference would occur, the two interference effects compete with each other. The cavity field begins to evolve toward the $180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ out-of-phase condition, thereby approaching a classical destructive interference condition with the pump field. Then at some point before 100% classical interference occurs, depending on the cavity damping rate and atom/cavity coupling strength, the atom builds up its coherence between state populations to produce the quantum interference effect. At that point, the atom becomes transparent and resonance fluorescence disappears, including fluorescence into the cavity, thereby causing the cavity field to die away.