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Physical Review A

Quantum fluctuations of the optical forces on atoms in a squeezed vacuum

Yaakov Shevy, B. Crosignani, Avigail Yariv

Published Aug 1, 1992• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Squeezing the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field modifies the quantum fluctuations of the optical forces exerted on laser-cooled two-level atoms. Under certain conditions, this modification when combined with the enhanced average forces can lead to equilibrium temperatures below those attained under normal-vacuum fluctuations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.46.1421

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Squeezing the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field modifies the quantum fluctuations of the optical forces exerted on laser-cooled two-level atoms. Under certain conditions, this modification when combined with the enhanced average forces can lead to equilibrium temperatures below those attained under normal-vacuum fluctuations.
The process of laser cooling in a quasi resonant standing laser wave is one of the principal technics of laser cooling of atoms. Recent advances in this field include breaking both the "Doppler and the recoil limits". On another front modification of the quantum statistical properties of the "vacuum" fluctuations by squeezing has been achieved in the laboratory. It is, therefore, interesting to find what is the nature of the modification of the laser cooling process when the atoms are also embedded in squeezed vacuum. Such a state can be produced in principle by a degenerate parametric amplifier whose input are vacuum fluctuations. It is shown that due to the modified decay rates of an atom which is embedded in such a state, profound modification of the cooling processes in a standing wave is achieved . Among the important results obtained is the change of sign of the stimulated force from a heating force in normal vacuum to a cooling force in squeezed vacuum. This phenomenon can result in cooling forces more than two orders of magnitude larger than the maximum force in normal vacuum. In this talk the method for calculating the force in squeezed vacuum will be given. The modified force will be compared to the force in normal vacuum and finally the practical implications of these results for laser cooling will be discussed.